University of Hamburg, Institute of Soil Science, Allende-Platz 2, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. The Macaulay Land Use Research Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, UK. Austrian Institute of Technology, Institute of Bioresources, A-2444 Seibersdorf, Austria.
Environ Microbiol Rep. 2009 Oct;1(5):414-23. doi: 10.1111/j.1758-2229.2009.00061.x. Epub 2009 Aug 13.
The composition of the methanotrophic community in soil covers on five landfills in Northern and Eastern Germany was investigated by means of diagnostic microarray and terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP), both targeting the pmoA gene of methanotrophs. Physical and chemical properties of the 15 sampled soil profiles varied greatly, thus providing for very different environmental conditions. The potential methane oxidation activity, assessed using undisturbed soil cores, varied between 0.2 and 28 µg CH4 gdw (-1) h(-1) , the latter amounting to 426 g CH4 m(-2) h(-1) . Total nitrogen was found to be the soil variable correlating most strongly with methanotrophic activity. Explaining close to 50% of the observed variability, this indicates that on the investigated sites activity and thus abundance of methanotrophs may have been nitrogen-limited. Variables that enhance organic matter and thus nitrogen accumulation, such as field capacity, also positively impacted methanotrophic activity. In spite of the great variability of soil properties and different geographic landfill location, both microarray and T-RFLP analysis suggested that the composition of the methanotrophic community on all five sites, in all profiles and across all depths was similar. Methylocystis, Methylobacter and Methylococcus species, including Methylococcus-related uncultivated methanotrophs, were predominantly detected among type II, Ia and Ib methanotrophs, respectively. This indicates that the high methane fluxes typical for landfill environments may be the most influential driver governing the community composition, or other variables not analysed in this study. Principal component analysis suggested that community diversity is most influenced by the site from which the samples were taken and second, from the location on the individual sites, i.e. the soil profile. Landfill and individual profiles reflect the combined impact of all effective variables, including those that were not measured in this study.
采用针对甲烷氧化菌 pmoA 基因的诊断微阵列和末端限制性片段长度多态性（T-RFLP）技术，研究了德国北部和东部 5 个垃圾填埋场土壤覆盖物中的甲烷营养菌群落组成。15 个采样土壤剖面的物理和化学性质差异很大，因此提供了非常不同的环境条件。使用未扰动土壤芯评估的潜在甲烷氧化活性在 0.2 到 28 μg CH4 gdw(-1) h(-1) 之间变化，后者相当于 426 g CH4 m(-2) h(-1) 。发现总氮是与甲烷氧化活性相关性最强的土壤变量。该变量解释了近 50%的观测变异性，表明在所研究的地点，甲烷氧化菌的活性和丰度可能受到氮限制。增强有机质从而促进氮积累的变量，如田间持水量，也对甲烷氧化活性产生积极影响。尽管土壤性质和不同地理位置的垃圾填埋场存在很大差异，但微阵列和 T-RFLP 分析均表明，在所有 5 个地点、所有剖面和所有深度的甲烷营养菌群落组成相似。Methylocystis、Methylobacter 和 Methylococcus 种，包括与 Methylococcus 相关的未培养甲烷营养菌，分别主要存在于 II 型、Ia 型和 Ib 型甲烷氧化菌中。这表明，垃圾填埋场环境中典型的高甲烷通量可能是影响群落组成的最主要驱动因素，或者是本研究中未分析的其他变量。主成分分析表明，群落多样性主要受采样地点和第二，即单个地点的位置影响。垃圾填埋场和个别剖面反映了所有有效变量的综合影响，包括本研究中未测量的变量。
