Brito Alex, Cori Héctor, Olivares Manuel, Fernanda Mujica María, Cediel Gustavo, López de Romaña Daniel
Micronutrients Laboratory, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
Food Nutr Bull. 2013 Mar;34(1):52-64. doi: 10.1177/156482651303400107.
The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Latin America and the Caribbean is unknown.
To examine the prevalence data available on vitamin D deficiency in Latin America and the Caribbean.
A systematic review was conducted in 2011. Studies using biochemical biomarkers and dietary intake estimation were included. Studies conducted in apparently healthy individuals, independently of age, latitude, skin pigmentation, and season of the year at the time of blood collection, were included.
A total of 243 studies were identified. The final number of selected studies was 28, including two National Health Surveys (Mexico and Argentina). There are studies that report the vitamin D status of specific subgroups conducted in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Guatemala, and Mexico. However, the small sample sizes in these studies and thus the low national representativeness of the reported data do not allow for an accurate assessment of vitamin D status at the regional level. In the majority of the countries with available data, we observed that vitamin D insufficiency was classified as a mild, moderate, or severe public health problem. The only country with a nationally representative sample was Mexico, which found 24%, 10%, 8%, and 10% prevalence rates of vitamin D insufficiency (25-hydroxyvitamin D < 50 nmol/L) in preschoolers, schoolchildren, adolescents, and adults, respectively. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (25-hydroxyvitamin D < 20 nmol/L) was less than 1% for all groups.
There is some indication that vitamin D insufficiency may be a public health problem in Latin America and the Caribbean, but the exact magnitude is currently unknown.
拉丁美洲和加勒比地区维生素D缺乏症的患病率尚不清楚。
研究拉丁美洲和加勒比地区维生素D缺乏症的现有患病率数据。
2011年进行了一项系统评价。纳入使用生化生物标志物和膳食摄入量估计的研究。纳入在明显健康个体中进行的研究，与采血时的年龄、纬度、皮肤色素沉着和一年中的季节无关。
共识别出243项研究。选定研究的最终数量为28项，包括两项国家健康调查（墨西哥和阿根廷）。有研究报告了在阿根廷、巴西、智利、哥伦比亚、厄瓜多尔、危地马拉和墨西哥进行的特定亚组的维生素D状况。然而，这些研究中的样本量较小，因此报告数据的全国代表性较低，无法在区域层面准确评估维生素D状况。在大多数有可用数据的国家，我们观察到维生素D不足被归类为轻度、中度或重度公共卫生问题。唯一拥有全国代表性样本的国家是墨西哥，该国发现学龄前儿童、学龄儿童、青少年和成年人中维生素D不足（25-羟基维生素D<50 nmol/L）的患病率分别为24%、10%、8%和10%。所有组中维生素D缺乏（25-羟基维生素D<20 nmol/L）的患病率均低于1%。
有迹象表明维生素D不足可能是拉丁美洲和加勒比地区的一个公共卫生问题，但目前确切程度尚不清楚。
