Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, Milan, Italy.
Free Radic Res. 2013 Aug;47 Suppl 1:3-27. doi: 10.3109/10715762.2013.815348.
Advanced lipoxidation end products (ALEs) and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) have a pathogenetic role in the development and progression of different oxidative-based diseases including diabetes, atherosclerosis, and neurological disorders. AGEs and ALEs represent a quite complex class of compounds that are formed by different mechanisms, by heterogeneous precursors and that can be formed either exogenously or endogenously. There is a wide interest in AGEs and ALEs involving different aspects of research which are essentially focused on set-up and application of analytical strategies (1) to identify, characterize, and quantify AGEs and ALEs in different pathophysiological conditions; (2) to elucidate the molecular basis of their biological effects; and (3) to discover compounds able to inhibit AGEs/ALEs damaging effects not only as biological tools aimed at validating AGEs/ALEs as drug target, but also as promising drugs. All the above-mentioned research stages require a clear picture of the chemical formation of AGEs/ALEs but this is not simple, due to the complex and heterogeneous pathways, involving different precursors and mechanisms. In view of this intricate scenario, the aim of the present review is to group the main AGEs and ALEs and to describe, for each of them, the precursors and mechanisms of formation.
高级脂质氧化终产物（ALEs）和高级糖基化终产物（AGEs）在包括糖尿病、动脉粥样硬化和神经紊乱在内的不同基于氧化的疾病的发展和进展中具有发病作用。AGEs 和 ALEs 代表了相当复杂的一类化合物，它们通过不同的机制、不同的前体形成，并且可以外源性或内源性形成。人们对 AGEs 和 ALEs 产生了广泛的兴趣，涉及到研究的不同方面，这些研究主要集中在建立和应用分析策略上（1）来识别、表征和定量不同病理生理条件下的 AGEs 和 ALEs；（2）阐明它们生物学效应的分子基础；（3）发现能够抑制 AGEs/ALEs 损伤作用的化合物，这些化合物不仅可以作为验证 AGEs/ALEs 作为药物靶点的生物工具，也可以作为有前途的药物。所有上述研究阶段都需要清楚地了解 AGEs/ALEs 的化学形成，但由于涉及不同前体和机制的复杂和异质途径，这并不简单。鉴于这种复杂的情况，本综述的目的是将主要的 AGEs 和 ALEs 分组，并对每一种物质的前体和形成机制进行描述。
