Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Barcelona, C/Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
J Hazard Mater. 2013 Dec 15;263 Pt 2:268-74. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.05.030. Epub 2013 May 22.
One significant disadvantage of using reverse osmosis (RO) for reclamation purposes is the need to dispose of the RO retentates. These retentates contain a high concentration of micropollutants, effluent organic matter (EfOM) and other inorganic constituents, which are recalcitrant to biological treatment and may impact the environment. The occurrence of 11 pharmaceuticals (concentrations ranging from 0.2 to 1.6 μg L(-1)) and their mitigation in RO retentates by a UV/H2O2 process and ozonation was studied using a wide range of oxidant dosages. Eleven pharmaceuticals were identified at. Initial observed kinetic constants (kobs) were calculated for the different pharmaceuticals. Other typical wastewater parameters were also monitored during the UV/H2O2 and ozonation reactions. The range for kobs was found to be 0.8-12.8L mmol O3(-1) and 9.7-29.9 L mmol H2O2(-1) for the ozonation and UV/H2O2 process, respectively. For ozonation, Atenolol, Carbamazepine, Codeine, Trimethoprim and Diclofenac showed the lowest initial kobs (in the order mentioned). Atenolol and Carbamazepine appeared as the most ozone resistant pharmaceuticals, exhibiting the lowest percentage of elimination at low ozone doses. On the other hand, despite the non-selectivity of HO, differences in the initial kobs were also observed during the UV/H2O2 process. Trimethoprim, Paroxetine and Sulfamethoxazole exhibited the lowest initial kobs values (in the order mentioned). Trimethoprim and Paroxetine also exhibited the lowest percentage removal when low H2O2 doses were assayed. The compounds that were identified as problematic during ozonation were more efficiently removed by the UV/H2O2 process. UV/H2O2 generally appeared to be a more efficient technology for removing pharmaceuticals from RO brines compared to ozonation.
反渗透（RO）用于回收利用的一个显著缺点是需要处理 RO 浓缩物。这些浓缩物含有高浓度的微量污染物、出水有机物（EfOM）和其他无机成分，这些成分对生物处理具有抗性，可能会对环境造成影响。使用广泛的氧化剂剂量研究了 11 种药物（浓度范围为 0.2 至 1.6μg L(-1))及其在 RO 浓缩物中的光氧化作用和臭氧化作用。用 UV/H2O2 工艺和臭氧化作用处理 11 种药物，测定了不同药物的初始观察动力学常数（kobs）。在 UV/H2O2 和臭氧化反应过程中还监测了其他典型的废水参数。发现 kobs 的范围为 0.8-12.8L mmol O3(-1)和 9.7-29.9 L mmol H2O2(-1)，分别为臭氧化作用和 UV/H2O2 工艺的范围。对于臭氧化作用，阿替洛尔、卡马西平、可待因、甲氧苄啶和双氯芬酸的初始 kobs 最低（按上述顺序）。阿替洛尔和卡马西平表现出对臭氧的最高抗性，在低臭氧剂量下，消除率最低。另一方面，尽管 HO 是非选择性的，但在 UV/H2O2 过程中也观察到了初始 kobs 的差异。甲氧苄啶、帕罗西汀和磺胺甲恶唑的初始 kobs 值最低（按上述顺序）。当测定低剂量的 H2O2 时，甲氧苄啶和帕罗西汀的去除率也最低。在臭氧化作用过程中被确定为有问题的化合物通过 UV/H2O2 工艺更有效地去除。与臭氧化作用相比，UV/H2O2 通常是一种从 RO 盐水中去除药物的更有效技术。
