TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRA, INSA, Toulouse, France; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology (Hainan University), Ministry of Education, Haikou, 570228, China.
J Hazard Mater. 2020 Jun 5;391:122071. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122071. Epub 2020 Jan 14.
Nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO) technology have gained worldwide acceptance for reclamation of municipal wastewater due to their excellent efficiencies in rejecting a wide spectrum of organic pollutants, bacteria, dissolved organic matters and inorganic salts. However, the application of NF/RO process produces inevitably a large volume of concentrated waste stream (NF/RO concentrate), which is generally characterised by high levels of inorganic and organic substances, a low biodegradation and potential ecotoxicity. At present, one of the most significant concerns for this process is regarding the sustainable management of municipal NF/RO concentrate, due to a potentially serious threat to water receiving body. It should therefore be further disposed or treated by effective technologies such as ozonation in a cost-effective way, aiming to minimize the potential environmental risk associated with the presence of emerging micropollutants (ng L - μg L). This paper provides an overview on the disposal of NF/RO concentrate from municipal wastewater by ozonation process. This is a first review to present entirely ozonation efficiency of NF/RO concentrate in terms of elimination of emerging micropollutants, degradation of organic matters, as well as toxicity assessment. In addition, ozone combining biological activated carbon (BAC) or other advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) is also discussed, aiming to further improve mineralization of ozone-recalcitrant substances in NF/RO concentrate. Finally, further research directions regarding the management of NF/RO concentrate are proposed.
纳滤 (NF) 和反渗透 (RO) 技术由于其在去除广泛的有机污染物、细菌、溶解有机物和无机盐方面的卓越效率，已在全球范围内被接受用于城市废水的再生。然而，NF/RO 工艺的应用不可避免地会产生大量浓缩废水（NF/RO 浓缩物），其通常具有高浓度的无机和有机物质、低生物降解性和潜在的生态毒性。目前，该工艺最显著的关注点之一是城市 NF/RO 浓缩物的可持续管理，因为这可能对水接收体造成严重威胁。因此，应通过有效的技术（如臭氧氧化）以具有成本效益的方式进一步处理或处置浓缩物，以最大程度地降低与新兴微污染物（ng L-μg L）存在相关的潜在环境风险。本文概述了通过臭氧氧化工艺处理城市废水 NF/RO 浓缩物。这是第一篇全面介绍 NF/RO 浓缩物的臭氧氧化效率的综述，涉及消除新兴微污染物、有机物降解以及毒性评估。此外，还讨论了臭氧结合生物活性炭 (BAC) 或其他高级氧化工艺 (AOPs)，旨在进一步提高 NF/RO 浓缩物中臭氧难降解物质的矿化程度。最后，提出了有关 NF/RO 浓缩物管理的进一步研究方向。
