Department of Emergency Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC; National Capital Poison Center, Washington, DC.
J Pediatr. 2013 Nov;163(5):1372-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2013.04.054. Epub 2013 Jun 12.
To determine the impact of industry and Food and Drug Administration initiatives implemented to limit the use of over-the-counter (OTC) cough and cold medications in children younger than 6 years of age.
This is a retrospective database study of OTC cough and cold medication ingestions reported to US poison centers between 2000 and 2010. Data analyzed from the National Poison Data System included the month and year of ingestion, reason for ingestion, health care utilization, and medical outcome. Ingestion frequencies were stratified by age and reason. Data were divided into pre- and postintervention periods for comparative analysis.
Unintentional ingestions of OTC cough and cold medications decreased 33.4% and therapeutic errors by 46.0%. Health care facility referral declined for unintentional ingestions (28.9% <2 years of age, 19.9% 2-5 years of age, P < .0001) and therapeutic errors in children younger than 2 years of age (59.2%, P < .0001). Moderate and severe adverse outcomes decreased for unintentional ingestions in children younger than 2 years of age by 32.4% and by 21.3% in 2- to 5-year olds, P < .0001.
The restriction of OTC cough and cold medications has led to a decline in unintentional ingestions, therapeutic errors, health care facility referral, and serious medical outcomes in children younger than 2 years of age. There has also been a decline in ingestions in 2- to 5-year-old children.
确定为限制 6 岁以下儿童使用非处方（OTC）咳嗽和感冒药而实施的行业和食品药品监督管理局举措的影响。
这是一项回顾性数据库研究，对 2000 年至 2010 年向美国中毒中心报告的 OTC 咳嗽和感冒药摄入情况进行了研究。从国家中毒数据系统中分析的数据包括摄入的月份和年份、摄入原因、医疗保健利用情况和医疗结果。根据年龄和原因对摄入频率进行分层。将数据分为干预前后进行比较分析。
OTC 咳嗽和感冒药的非故意摄入减少了 33.4%，治疗错误减少了 46.0%。非故意摄入（<2 岁时 28.9%，2-5 岁时 19.9%，P<.0001）和 2 岁以下儿童治疗错误（59.2%，P<.0001）的医疗保健机构转诊率下降。2 岁以下儿童非故意摄入的中度和重度不良后果减少了 32.4%，2-5 岁儿童减少了 21.3%，P<.0001。
限制 OTC 咳嗽和感冒药的使用导致 2 岁以下儿童的非故意摄入、治疗错误、医疗保健机构转诊和严重医疗后果减少。2-5 岁儿童的摄入也有所减少。
