Errico Teresa L, Chen Xiangyu, Martin Campos Jesús M, Julve Josep, Escolà-Gil Joan Carles, Blanco-Vaca Francisco
IIB Sant Pau, Barcelona, España.
Clin Investig Arterioscler. 2013 Apr-Jun;25(2):98-103. doi: 10.1016/j.arteri.2013.05.003. Epub 2013 Jun 12.
The aim of this work is to present basic information on the lipoprotein physiology. The protein fraction of lipoproteins consists of several apolipoproteins and enzymes whose functions are lipid transport and metabolism. Classification of lipoproteins is based on their density. Chylomicrons, VLDL, IDL, LDL and HDL can be isolated by ultracentrifugation. Both chylomicrons- and VLDL-triglycerides are transported from the intestine and liver, respectively, to the peripheral tissues. The metabolism of VLDL originates IDL and LDL. LDL is the main transporter of cholesterol to extrahepatic tissues. HDL mobilizes cholesterol from peripheral tissues to the liver where it is secreted to bile as free cholesterol or bile salts, a process termed reverse cholesterol transport. Lipoprotein metabolism can be regulated by nuclear receptors that regulate the expression of genes involved in triglyceride and apolipoprotein metabolism.
这项工作的目的是介绍脂蛋白生理学的基本信息。脂蛋白的蛋白质部分由几种载脂蛋白和酶组成，其功能是脂质运输和代谢。脂蛋白的分类基于它们的密度。乳糜微粒、极低密度脂蛋白（VLDL）、中间密度脂蛋白（IDL）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL）和高密度脂蛋白（HDL）可通过超速离心分离。乳糜微粒和VLDL中的甘油三酯分别从肠道和肝脏转运至外周组织。VLDL的代谢产生IDL和LDL。LDL是胆固醇转运至肝外组织的主要载体。HDL将胆固醇从外周组织转运至肝脏，在肝脏中它以游离胆固醇或胆汁盐的形式分泌到胆汁中，这一过程称为胆固醇逆向转运。脂蛋白代谢可由核受体调节，这些核受体调节参与甘油三酯和载脂蛋白代谢的基因的表达。
