Zhao Hanwei, Wang Yao, Li Yaqing, Cheng Ran, Chen Wenge
Peripheral Vascular Disease Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, P.R. China.
Medical Laboratory, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, P.R. China.
Mol Med Rep. 2025 Oct;32(4). doi: 10.3892/mmr.2025.13623. Epub 2025 Jul 19.
Hyperlipidemia is a disorder of lipid metabolism. With rapid economic development, unhealthy diets and lack of exercise, the incidence of hyperlipidemia has been increasing year by year. In adults, hyperlipidemia is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, especially atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), and the current goal of treating hyperlipidemia is to prevent and manage ASCVD. In terms of etiology, hyperlipidemia is divided into primary and secondary types. Common primary hyperlipidemias include familial hypercholesterolemia, mixed familial hyperlipidemia, type III hyperlipoproteinemia and familial chylomicronemia syndrome. In addition to statins, ezetimibe and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors, a number of new and emerging drugs for lowering cholesterol and triglycerides are being developed to regulate lipid levels and prevent cardiovascular diseases. The present review summarized the classification and composition of lipoproteins, the pathogenesis of common primary hyperlipidemias, secondary factors affecting dyslipidemia, modern common lipid‑lowering drugs and the latest clinical progress in emerging lipid‑lowering therapies.
高脂血症是一种脂质代谢紊乱疾病。随着经济的快速发展、不健康的饮食和缺乏运动，高脂血症的发病率逐年上升。在成年人中，高脂血症是心血管疾病尤其是动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病（ASCVD）的主要危险因素，目前治疗高脂血症的目标是预防和管理ASCVD。在病因方面，高脂血症分为原发性和继发性。常见的原发性高脂血症包括家族性高胆固醇血症、混合型家族性高脂血症、Ⅲ型高脂蛋白血症和家族性乳糜微粒血症综合征。除了他汀类药物、依折麦布和前蛋白转化酶枯草溶菌素/kexin 9型抑制剂外，一些新出现的降胆固醇和甘油三酯的药物正在研发中，以调节血脂水平并预防心血管疾病。本综述总结了脂蛋白的分类和组成、常见原发性高脂血症的发病机制、影响血脂异常的次要因素、现代常见的降脂药物以及新兴降脂疗法的最新临床进展。
