Mikell Charles B, Chan Andrew K, Stein Gregory E, Tanji Kurenai, Winfree Christopher J
Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2013 Aug;115(8):1206-14. doi: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2013.05.008. Epub 2013 Jun 13.
Muscle and nerve biopsies are commonly performed procedures for the diagnosis of neuromuscular disorders. Neurologists and neurosurgeons are often consulted to perform these procedures in clinical practice. We provide guidelines in the performance of muscle and nerve biopsies.
We describe the technique for performance of muscle and nerve biopsy, and review the relevant literature.
The quadriceps muscle is the most typical biopsy site for most myopathies, whereas the sural nerve is the most common nerve biopsy site for most peripheral neuropathies. Other sites may be utilized depending upon the pattern of symptoms or the differential diagnosis. Motor nerves may be sampled in the setting of motor neuron disease, for example. We advocate the use of conduit repair to allow for sensory or motor recovery to occur following nerve biopsy.
The muscle biopsy and nerve biopsy may be performed with high yield, low morbidity, and rare complications.
肌肉和神经活检是诊断神经肌肉疾病的常用检查方法。临床实践中，常需咨询神经科医生和神经外科医生来进行这些检查。我们提供肌肉和神经活检操作的指南。
我们描述肌肉和神经活检的操作技术，并回顾相关文献。
对于大多数肌病，股四头肌是最典型的活检部位；而对于大多数周围神经病，腓肠神经是最常用的神经活检部位。根据症状表现或鉴别诊断，也可采用其他部位。例如，在运动神经元病的情况下可对运动神经进行取材。我们提倡使用导管修复，以便在神经活检后实现感觉或运动功能的恢复。
肌肉活检和神经活检可以高成功率、低发病率和罕见并发症的情况下进行。
