Ulm University Medical Center, Division of Sport and Rehabilitation Medicine, 89075 Ulm, Germany.
Prev Med. 2013 Oct;57(4):310-4. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2013.06.004. Epub 2013 Jun 13.
To examine the association of physical fitness, sports participation, physical activity and sedentary behavior as well as dietary patterns and family background with weight gain in non-overweight elementary school children, independent of absolute body weight.
Height, weight, and physical fitness were assessed in 1249 (51% male) children in south-west Germany during the fall of 2010 and 2011 (age at baseline: 7.0±0.6years). Based on changes in body mass index percentiles children were classified into a weight loss, constant weight, or weight gain group. Health behavior and family background were assessed via parent questionnaire. Group differences were examined via analysis of variance and multinomial logistic regression.
Weight gain was associated with low physical activity, lack of active transport, and lack of regular breakfast at follow-up. Children in the weight gain category also displayed lower fitness during baseline and follow-up, but differences were more pronounced during follow-up. TV time, migration background or parental education was not associated with weight gain.
Ensuring adequate physical activity and high fitness is an important aspect in the prevention of excessive weight gain during childhood. In addition to sports participation active transport should be emphasized in future weight management programs in children.
研究非超重小学生体重增加与身体健康、运动参与、身体活动和久坐行为以及饮食模式和家庭背景的关系，这些因素与绝对体重无关。
2010 年秋季和 2011 年，在德国西南部对 1249 名（51%为男性）儿童进行了身高、体重和身体素质评估（基线时的年龄：7.0±0.6 岁）。根据体重指数百分位数的变化，儿童被分为体重减轻、体重不变或体重增加组。通过家长问卷评估健康行为和家庭背景。通过方差分析和多项逻辑回归检查组间差异。
体重增加与随访时低身体活动、缺乏主动交通和缺乏规律早餐有关。体重增加组的儿童在基线和随访时的身体素质也较低，但在随访时差异更为明显。看电视时间、移民背景或父母教育程度与体重增加无关。
确保足够的身体活动和高身体素质是预防儿童期过度体重增加的重要方面。除了运动参与外，在未来的儿童体重管理计划中还应强调主动交通。
