Reißner Anna, Wartha Olivia, Dreyhaupt Jens, Kobel Susanne
Division of Sports and Rehabilitation Medicine, Ulm University Medical Centre, 89073 Ulm, Germany.
Institute for Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, 89075 Ulm, Germany.
Nutrients. 2024 Nov 21;16(23):3987. doi: 10.3390/nu16233987.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Childhood obesity is a consistent public health issue, which often persists into adulthood. This study determined risk factors of childhood obesity and associated comorbidities in German school children.
Data of 1956 primary school children (7.1 ± 0.6 years) were analysed. Anthropometrics were taken on site, other (health) parameters were assessed using a parental questionnaire. Binary logistic regression models were calculated, controlling for age, gender, family education level, and migration background.
Father's physical illness (OR 1.092 [1.177; 3.073], = 0.009) and a child's chronic illness (OR 1.687 [1.077; 2.644], = 0.022), maternal and paternal overweight (OR 2.180 [1.492; 3.185]; OR 2.494 [1.547; 4.022], < 0.001, respectively), as well as maternal and paternal smoking (OR 1.942 [1.306; 2.889]; OR 1.972 [1.334; 2.917], = 0.001, respectively) were significantly associated with the child being overweight. Also associated with the child being overweight were physical activity, regular screen media use (OR 0.605 [0.408, 0.896], = 0.012; OR 2.029 [1.306; 3.152], = 0.002, respectively), the mother and/or father thinking their child is too fat (OR 2.213 [1.504; 3.258], < 0.001; OR 1.537 [1.048; 2.253], = 0.028), the father's physical inactivity (OR 1.69 [1.133; 2.521], = 0.010), and if the child has not been breastfed (OR 1.632 [1.056; 2.521], = 0.027), the mother smoked during pregnancy (OR 1.992 [1.224; 3.246], = 0.006) as well as if the mother and/or father admonished their child about their weight (OR 25.521 [14.578; 44.680]; OR 19.448 [11.865; 31.877], < 0.001, respectively). Children of unemployed mothers and in low-income households had an increased risk of being overweight (OR 4.811 [1.642; 14.096], = 0.004; OR 2.203 [1.360; 3.568], = 0.001, respectively).
This study shows that parental health, lifestyle, and social behaviours matter in determining childhood obesity. Understanding those is essential to promoting a healthy lifestyle.
背景/目的：儿童肥胖是一个长期存在的公共卫生问题，常常持续至成年期。本研究确定了德国学龄儿童肥胖的风险因素及其相关合并症。
分析了1956名小学生（7.1±0.6岁）的数据。现场进行人体测量，其他（健康）参数通过家长问卷进行评估。计算二元逻辑回归模型，并对年龄、性别、家庭教育水平和移民背景进行控制。
父亲身体疾病（比值比1.092[1.177；3.073]，P = 0.009）、儿童慢性病（比值比1.687[1.077；2.644]，P = 0.022）、母亲和父亲超重（比值比分别为2.180[1.492；3.185]；2.494[1.547；4.022]，P均<0.001），以及母亲和父亲吸烟（比值比分别为1.942[1.306；2.889]；1.972[1.334；2.917]，P = 0.001）均与儿童超重显著相关。与儿童超重相关的因素还有身体活动、经常使用屏幕媒体（比值比分别为0.605[0.408，0.896]，P = 0.012；2.029[1.306；3.152]，P = 0.002）、母亲和/或父亲认为自己的孩子太胖（比值比分别为2.213[1.504；3.258]，P<0.001；1.537[1.048；2.253]，P = 0.028）、父亲缺乏身体活动（比值比1.69[1.133；2.521]，P = 0.010）、儿童未进行母乳喂养（比值比1.632[1.056；2.521]，P = 0.027）、母亲孕期吸烟（比值比1.992[1.224；3.246]，P = 0.006）以及母亲和/或父亲就孩子体重问题告诫过孩子（比值比分别为25.521[14.578；44.680]；19.448[11.865；31.877]，P均<0.001）。母亲失业和低收入家庭儿童超重风险增加（比值比分别为4.811[1.642；14.096]，P = 0.004；2.203[1.360；3.5
