Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, PO Box 210011, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
J Hazard Mater. 2013 Sep 15;260:278-85. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.05.029. Epub 2013 May 24.
Release of engineered nanoparticles (NPs) to municipal wastewater from industrial and residential sources could impact biological systems in wastewater treatment plants. Methanogenic inhibition can cause failure of anaerobic waste(water) treatment. This study investigated the inhibitory effect of a wide array of inorganic NPs (Ag(0), Al₂O₃, CeO₂, Cu(0), CuO, Fe(0), Fe₂O₃, Mn₂O₃, SiO₂, TiO₂, and ZnO supplied up to 1500 mgL(-1)) to acetoclastic and hydrogenotrophic methanogenic activity of anaerobic granular sludge. Of all the NPs tested, only Cu(0) and ZnO caused severe methanogenic inhibition. The 50% inhibiting concentrations determined towards acetoclastic and hydrogenotrophic methanogens were 62 and 68 mgL(-1) for Cu(0) NP; and 87 and 250 mgL(-1) for ZnO NP, respectively. CuO NPs also caused inhibition of acetoclastic methanogens. Cu(2+) and Zn(2+) salts caused similar levels of inhibition as Cu(0) and ZnO NPs based on equilibrium soluble metal concentrations measured during the assays, suggesting that the toxicity was due to the release of metal ions by NP-corrosion. A commercial dispersant, Dispex, intended to increase NP stability did not affect the inhibitory impact of the NPs. The results taken as a whole suggest that Zn- and Cu-containing NPs can release metal ions that are inhibitory for methanogenesis.
从工业和住宅来源向城市废水中释放工程纳米颗粒 (NPs) 可能会影响废水处理厂中的生物系统。产甲烷抑制作用可能导致厌氧废水处理失败。本研究调查了广泛的无机 NPs（Ag(0)、Al₂O₃、CeO₂、Cu(0)、CuO、Fe(0)、Fe₂O₃、Mn₂O₃、SiO₂、TiO₂ 和 ZnO）对厌氧颗粒污泥的产乙酸和氢营养型产甲烷活性的抑制作用。在所测试的所有 NPs 中，只有 Cu(0) 和 ZnO 导致严重的产甲烷抑制作用。Cu(0) NP 对产乙酸和氢营养型产甲烷菌的 50%抑制浓度分别为 62 和 68 mgL(-1)；ZnO NP 分别为 87 和 250 mgL(-1)。CuO NPs 也会抑制产乙酸菌。基于试验过程中测量的平衡可溶性金属浓度，Cu(2+) 和 Zn(2+) 盐对产甲烷的抑制作用与 Cu(0) 和 ZnO NPs 相似，这表明毒性是由于 NP 腐蚀释放金属离子所致。一种旨在提高 NP 稳定性的商业分散剂 Dispex 并未影响 NPs 的抑制作用。总的来说，结果表明含 Zn 和 Cu 的 NPs 可以释放出对产甲烷作用有抑制作用的金属离子。
