Department of Exercise Neuroscience, Institute of Movement and Neurosciences, German Sport University, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany.
Res Dev Disabil. 2013 Sep;34(9):2708-16. doi: 10.1016/j.ridd.2013.05.037. Epub 2013 Jun 14.
Research has shown that physical exercise enhances cognitive performance in individuals with intact cognition as well as in individuals diagnosed with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Although well identified in the field of health (for example, the transient hypofrontality theory), the underlying neurocognitive processes in intellectual and developmental disabilities remain widely unclear and thus characterize the primary aim of this research. Eleven adolescents with intellectual and developmental disabilities performed moderate cycling exercise and common relaxation. Cross-over designed, both 10-min meetings were randomly allocated at the same time of day with 24-h time lags in between. Conditions were embedded in ability-modified cognitive performance (decision-making processes). Participants' reaction times and their equivalent neurophysiological parameters were recorded using standard EEG and analyzed (spatial activity, N2). Exercise revealed a decrease in frontal electrocortical activity, most pronounced in the medial frontal gyrus (10%). To that effect, reaction time (p<0.01) was decreased and mirrored in decreased N2 latency (p<0.01) after exercise. In contrast, relaxation revealed no significant changes. Results of this research suggest exercise temporarily enhances neuronal activity in relation to cognitive performance for adolescents with intellectual and developmental disabilities; further research is needed to explore possible future effects on enhancing neurocognitive development.
研究表明，体育锻炼不仅可以增强认知正常个体的认知表现，还可以增强智力和发育障碍个体的认知表现。尽管在健康领域已经得到充分证实（例如，短暂性前额叶功能低下理论），但智力和发育障碍个体的潜在神经认知过程仍然广泛不清楚，因此这是本研究的主要目标。11 名智力和发育障碍青少年进行了适度的自行车运动和常见的放松。交叉设计，两次 10 分钟的会议随机分配在同一天，两次会议之间间隔 24 小时。条件嵌入在能力修正后的认知表现（决策过程）中。使用标准 EEG 记录参与者的反应时间和等效神经生理参数，并进行分析（空间活动、N2）。运动显示额皮质电活动减少，以中额回最为明显（10%）。因此，运动后反应时间（p<0.01）降低，N2 潜伏期（p<0.01）也降低。相比之下，放松没有显示出显著的变化。这项研究的结果表明，运动可以暂时增强智力和发育障碍青少年的认知表现相关的神经元活动；需要进一步研究探索增强神经认知发育的可能未来影响。
