Preventive Medicine and Public Health Teaching and Research Unit, Health Sciences Faculty, Rey Juan Carlos University, Alcorcon, Spain.
Public Health. 2013 Sep;127(9):822-7. doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2013.03.006. Epub 2013 Jun 15.
Breast cancer remains a public health problem worldwide. Early detection through mammography practice has been shown to be effective in improving survival among women. Nevertheless, it is necessary to have high participation in mammography screening to achieve that goal. The aim of this study is to estimate the adherence to recommended preventive practices for breast cancer (mammography) in Spain and to identify predictors of uptake according to sociodemographic variables, health related variables and lifestyles.
This is a descriptive cross-sectional study based on data from the European Health Interview Survey for Spain. Breast cancer screening included self-reported mammography in the last two years. The age target range was 40-69 years (n = 5771). The following independent variables were analysed: sociodemographic (marital status, educational level, monthly income, and nationality), visit to a general practitioner, chronic conditions and lifestyles. Predictors of mammography adherence were explored using multivariate logistic regression.
The screening coverage in the target population was 67.7% (95% CI: 66.2-69.1). Mammography uptake was positively associated with being married, higher educational and income levels, Spanish nationality, having visited a general practitioner in the previous four weeks and suffering from musculoskeletal disease. Otherwise, the youngest age group studied (40-49 years) and obesity was associated with lower adherence to mammography.
Compliance with mammography practice in Spain is acceptable to achieve the goal of reducing mortality from breast cancer among women. However significant inequalities in uptake of breast screening in Spain were found. Future campaigns must aim to improve participation especially among women with disadvantaged socio-economic situations and immigrants.
乳腺癌仍然是全球公共卫生问题。通过乳房 X 光检查实践进行早期检测已被证明可有效提高女性的生存率。然而，要实现这一目标，必须有较高的乳房 X 光筛查参与率。本研究旨在估计西班牙对乳腺癌（乳房 X 光检查）推荐预防措施的依从性，并根据社会人口统计学变量、健康相关变量和生活方式确定参与率的预测因素。
这是一项基于西班牙欧洲健康访谈调查数据的描述性横断面研究。乳腺癌筛查包括在过去两年内自我报告的乳房 X 光检查。年龄目标范围为 40-69 岁（n=5771）。分析了以下独立变量：社会人口统计学（婚姻状况、教育水平、月收入和国籍）、看全科医生、慢性疾病和生活方式。使用多变量逻辑回归探讨了乳房 X 光检查依从性的预测因素。
目标人群的筛查覆盖率为 67.7%（95%CI：66.2-69.1）。乳房 X 光检查的参与与已婚、较高的教育和收入水平、西班牙国籍、在过去四周内看过全科医生以及患有肌肉骨骼疾病呈正相关。另一方面，研究中年龄最小的组（40-49 岁）和肥胖与乳房 X 光检查的依从性较低相关。
西班牙对乳房 X 光检查实践的依从性可接受，以实现降低女性乳腺癌死亡率的目标。然而，在西班牙发现了乳房筛查参与率的显著不平等。未来的宣传活动必须旨在提高参与率，特别是在社会经济地位处于劣势的妇女和移民中。
