Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2013 Aug 12;52(33):8526-44. doi: 10.1002/anie.201207186. Epub 2013 Jun 14.
Advances in chemical syntheses have led to the formation of various kinds of nanoparticles (NPs) with more rational control of size, shape, composition, structure and catalysis. This review highlights recent efforts in the development of Pt and non-Pt based NPs into advanced nanocatalysts for efficient oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) under fuel-cell reaction conditions. It first outlines the shape controlled synthesis of Pt NPs and their shape-dependent ORR. Then it summarizes the studies of alloy and core-shell NPs with controlled electronic (alloying) and strain (geometric) effects for tuning ORR catalysis. It further provides a brief overview of ORR catalytic enhancement with Pt-based NPs supported on graphene and coated with an ionic liquid. The review finally introduces some non-Pt NPs as a new generation of catalysts for ORR. The reported new syntheses with NP parameter-tuning capability should pave the way for future development of highly efficient catalysts for applications in fuel cells, metal-air batteries, and even in other important chemical reactions.
化学合成的进步导致了各种纳米粒子（NPs）的形成，这些 NPs 可以更合理地控制尺寸、形状、组成、结构和催化性能。本综述重点介绍了近年来将 Pt 和非 Pt 基 NPs 开发为先进纳米催化剂的最新进展，以在燃料电池反应条件下高效进行氧还原反应（ORR）。它首先概述了 Pt NPs 的形状控制合成及其对 ORR 的依赖性。然后总结了具有受控电子（合金化）和应变（几何）效应的合金和核壳 NPs 的研究，以调整 ORR 催化。进一步简要概述了基于 Pt 的 NPs 在石墨烯上的负载和离子液体的包覆对 ORR 催化的增强作用。综述最后介绍了一些非 Pt NPs 作为 ORR 的新一代催化剂。具有 NP 参数调节能力的报道的新合成方法应该为未来在燃料电池、金属空气电池，甚至其他重要化学反应中应用的高效催化剂的发展铺平道路。
