Department of Mycology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, 13164, Iran,
Mycotoxin Res. 2013 Nov;29(4):261-9. doi: 10.1007/s12550-013-0171-1. Epub 2013 Jun 19.
The ethyl acetate extract of leaves, seeds and flowers of Heracleum persicum, a medicinal plant of Iran (family Apiaceae) inhibited growth and aflatoxin (AF) production of Aspergillus parasiticus. On the basis of total dry weight growth inhibition by the leaf extract ranged from 17.1 to 36.9 %, by the flower extract from 32.2 to 75.6 %, and by the seed extract from 27.5 to 74.9 %. Production of AFB1 and AFG1 was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner, with a reduction of 88.5-100 % at the highest concentration of 8,000 μg/ml tested. The flower extract decreased ergosterol content of hyphae most significantly. Electron microscopy further revealed structural defects in the treated A. parasiticus including disruption of cytoplasmic membranous compartments, detachment of plasma membrane from the cell wall, and disorganization of hyphal compartments. Collapsed hyphae without conidiation, shorter branches and undifferentiated hyphal tips were also evident. The results indicate that H. persicum extract exerts antifungal and anti-AF activities by disrupting plasma membrane integrity and permeability mainly through interference with ergosterol biosynthesis. These results show that H. persicum can serve as a potent and safe alternative for inhibiting toxigenic aspergilli growth and thus preventing AF contamination of foods and feeds.
伊朗药用植物（伞形科）独活属植物的叶、种子和花的乙酸乙酯提取物抑制了寄生曲霉的生长和黄曲霉毒素（AF）的产生。基于总干重抑制，叶提取物的抑制率范围为 17.1%至 36.9%，花提取物的抑制率范围为 32.2%至 75.6%，种子提取物的抑制率范围为 27.5%至 74.9%。AFB1 和 AFG1 的产生呈剂量依赖性抑制，在测试的最高浓度 8000μg/ml 时，减少了 88.5%至 100%。花提取物最显著地降低了菌丝体中的麦角固醇含量。电子显微镜进一步显示，处理过的寄生曲霉中存在结构缺陷，包括细胞质膜隔室的破坏、质膜与细胞壁的分离以及菌丝隔室的紊乱。还明显观察到无孢子形成、较短分支和未分化的菌丝尖端的塌陷菌丝。结果表明，独活提取物通过破坏质膜完整性和通透性发挥抗真菌和抗 AF 活性，主要通过干扰麦角固醇生物合成。这些结果表明，独活属植物可以作为一种有效且安全的替代物，抑制产毒曲霉菌的生长，从而防止食品和饲料受到黄曲霉毒素的污染。
