Hazrati Saeid, Mollaei Saeed, Rabbi Angourani Hossein, Hosseini Seyyed Jaber, Sedaghat Mojde, Nicola Silvana
Department of Agronomy Faculty of Agriculture Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University Tabriz Iran.
Phytochemical Laboratory Department of Chemistry Faculty of Sciences Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University Tabriz Iran.
Food Sci Nutr. 2020 Sep 28;8(11):6192-6206. doi: 10.1002/fsn3.1916. eCollection 2020 Nov.
, commonly named Persian hogweed, is a principal native medicinal plant in Iran. Collecting at the most appropriate growing stage is the key factor to achieve the high phytochemical quality to meet consumer's needs. In the present experiment, the aerial parts of this plant were harvested at up to six different developmental stages during the growing season to determine the phytochemical profiles. Our results indicated that the highest essential oil content was obtained in the mid-mature seed stage (3.5%). The most elevated extract content was recorded in the floral budding stage (10.4%). In the vegetative stage, limonene (18.1%), in floral budding stage, caryophyllene (14.1%), anethole (14.6%), and β-bisabolene (12.7%), in the full flowering stage, myristicin (15.0%), and hexyl butyrate (9.1%), in the early development of seeds stage, hexyl butyrate (32.1%), and octyl acetate (11.7%), in the mid-mature seeds stage hexyl butyrate (38.8%), octyl acetate (14.5%), in the late-mature/ripe seeds stage, hexyl butyrate (23.6%), and octyl acetate (10.5%) are recorded as the main components. The highest phenolic acids content was obtained in the floral budding stage (287.40 mg/g dried extract). The analysis of phenolic acids demonstrated cinnamic acid (8.0-225.3 mg/g extract), p-coumaric acid (1.7-39.2 mg/g extract), p-hydroxybenzoic acid (0.8-16.8 mg/g extract), and ferulic acid (2.4-15.8 mg/g extract) as the main phenolic acids. Cinnamic acid was found as the major phenolic compound in the vegetative stage following by floral budding, the full flowering stage, the early development of seeds, and late-mature/ripe seeds stages. P-coumaric acid was the most abundant phenolic compounds in the mid-mature seeds stage. In this regard, the harvest time of aerial parts can be selected to achieve the highest secondary metabolites of interest. The results of this study can be used as a guideline for grower to obtain the highest possible amount of desirable metabolites, beneficial in both food and pharmaceutical industries as well as their undeniable economical benefits.
通常被称为波斯猪毛菜，是伊朗一种主要的本土药用植物。在最合适的生长阶段进行采收是实现高植物化学品质以满足消费者需求的关键因素。在本实验中，在生长季节对该植物的地上部分在多达六个不同发育阶段进行采收，以确定其植物化学特征。我们的结果表明，在种子中熟阶段获得了最高的精油含量（3.5%）。在花芽形成阶段记录到最高的提取物含量（10.4%）。在营养阶段，柠檬烯含量最高（18.1%）；在花芽形成阶段，石竹烯（14.1%）、茴香脑（14.6%）和β-红没药烯（12.7%）含量最高；在盛花期，肉豆蔻醚（15.0%）和丁酸己酯（9.1%）含量最高；在种子发育早期，丁酸己酯（32.1%）和乙酸辛酯（11.7%）含量最高；在种子中熟阶段，丁酸己酯（38.8%）和乙酸辛酯（14.5%）含量最高；在种子晚熟/成熟阶段，丁酸己酯（23.6%）和乙酸辛酯（10.5%）含量最高，这些被记录为主要成分。在花芽形成阶段获得了最高的酚酸含量（287.40毫克/克干提取物）。酚酸分析表明，肉桂酸（8.0 - 225.3毫克/克提取物）、对香豆酸（1.7 - 39.2毫克/克提取物）、对羟基苯甲酸（0.8 - 16.8毫克/克提取物）和阿魏酸（2.4 - 15.8毫克/克提取物）是主要的酚酸。在营养阶段之后，肉桂酸在花芽形成阶段、盛花期、种子发育早期和种子晚熟/成熟阶段被发现是主要的酚类化合物。对香豆酸是种子中熟阶段含量最丰富的酚类化合物。在这方面，可以选择地上部分的采收时间以获得最高含量的目标次生代谢产物。本研究结果可作为种植者获取尽可能高含量理想代谢产物的指导，这对食品和制药行业都有益，同时也有不可忽视的经济效益。
