University of Groningen, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy , Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen , The Netherlands
Expert Opin Drug Deliv. 2013 Oct;10(10):1383-97. doi: 10.1517/17425247.2013.810622. Epub 2013 Jun 21.
Pulmonary vaccination could be a promising alternative to vaccination by injection. Administration of a vaccine to the lungs does not require the use of needles, which reduces the number of trained healthcare workers needed, the risk of needle-stick injuries and needle waste. Besides a systemic immune response, pulmonary vaccination may also induce a mucosal immune response. Such a local response may increase the effectiveness of vaccination against airborne pathogens. Although this route of administration has been studied for decades, no pulmonary vaccine is commercially available yet, due to various challenges mostly intrinsic to pulmonary drug delivery and vaccine formulation.
This review discusses the inhalation devices and formulation strategies that may be suitable for the pulmonary administration of vaccines. In addition, critical parameters are addressed, such as the target population, to help assessing whether pulmonary administration of a specific vaccine may be feasible and beneficial or not.
A combined approach of inhalation device and vaccine formulation development is essential. This should result in a system that can effectively be used by the target population and can be produced at low costs. Only then, this challenging administration route can be successfully applied to large-scale vaccination programs.
肺部接种可能是注射接种的一种有前途的替代方法。将疫苗施用于肺部不需要使用针，这减少了所需的受过专门培训的卫生保健工作者的数量、针刺伤和针浪费的风险。除了全身免疫反应外，肺部接种还可能诱导黏膜免疫反应。这种局部反应可能会增加针对空气传播病原体的疫苗接种效果。尽管这种给药途径已经研究了几十年，但由于主要与肺部药物输送和疫苗配方相关的各种挑战，目前尚无商业可用的肺部疫苗。
本综述讨论了可能适用于疫苗肺部给药的吸入装置和配方策略。此外，还讨论了关键参数，例如目标人群，以帮助评估肺部给予特定疫苗是否可行和有益。
吸入装置和疫苗配方开发的综合方法是必不可少的。这应该产生一个可以由目标人群有效使用并且可以低成本生产的系统。只有这样，这种具有挑战性的给药途径才能成功应用于大规模疫苗接种计划。
