Department of Pediatrics, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Tegh Bahadur Hospital, New Delhi, 110095, India.
Indian J Pediatr. 2018 Feb;85(2):132-138. doi: 10.1007/s12098-017-2377-2. Epub 2017 Jun 16.
Vaccines have been successful in reducing the mortality and morbidity, but most of them are delivered by intramuscular or intravenous route. They are associated with pain to the baby and bring lot of anxiety for the parents. There has been a marked increase in the number of injections required in first two years of life for completing the vaccination schedule. Hence, there is a need to have a painless vaccine delivery system. Numerous new routes of vaccination like, oral, nasal and transdermal routes are being tried. Oral polio and intranasal influenza have already been a success. Other newer approaches like edible vaccines, nasal sprays, dry powder preparations, jet injectors, microneedles and nanopatches are promising in delivering painless vaccines. Many of them are under clinical trials. These vaccine delivery systems will not only be painless but also cost effective, safe and easy to administer in mass population. They may be devoid of the need of cold chain. Painless delivery system will ensure better compliance to vaccination schedule.
疫苗的使用成功降低了死亡率和发病率，但它们大多数是通过肌肉注射或静脉注射的方式来接种。这些方式会给婴儿带来疼痛，也会给父母带来很多焦虑。在生命的头两年，为了完成疫苗接种计划，所需的注射次数明显增加。因此，我们需要一种无痛的疫苗接种系统。目前正在尝试许多新的疫苗接种途径，如口服、鼻内和透皮途径。口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗和鼻内流感疫苗已经取得了成功。其他较新的方法，如可食用疫苗、鼻喷疫苗、干粉制剂、射流注射器、微针和纳米贴剂，在无痛疫苗接种方面具有很大的应用前景。其中许多正在进行临床试验。这些疫苗接种系统不仅无痛，而且具有成本效益、安全、易于在人群中大规模使用。它们可能不需要冷链。无痛接种系统将确保更好地遵守疫苗接种计划。
