Darredeau Christine, Stewart Sherry H, Barrett Sean P
Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
Behav Pharmacol. 2013 Aug;24(4):291-7. doi: 10.1097/FBP.0b013e3283635fd9.
The effects of nicotine content information on subjective and behavioural responses to nicotine-containing and denicotinized cigarettes were examined in 30 dependent and 30 nondependent 12-h abstinent smokers. Using the four conditions of a balanced placebo design, participants were given either nicotine-containing cigarettes or denicotinized cigarettes during two laboratory sessions but were told that they received nicotine-containing cigarettes in one session and nicotine-free cigarettes in the other. During each session, participants completed subjective assessments before and after sampling three puffs from the assigned cigarette and were then invited to earn additional cigarette puffs using a computerized progressive ratio task. Regardless of the actual nicotine content, participants self-administered more cigarette puffs when they were told the cigarettes contained nicotine than when told the cigarettes were nicotine-free and tended to show a decrease in craving associated with the intention to smoke after cigarette sampling when told the cigarettes were nicotine-free relative to when they were told the cigarettes contained nicotine. However, regardless of nicotine instructions, participants given nicotine-containing cigarettes showed greater postsampling increases in subjective ratings of 'satisfied' and 'stimulated' than did those given denicotinized cigarettes. The findings suggest that nicotine dose expectancy can affect both subjective and behavioural indices of smoking reinforcement but that the satisfying and stimulating aspects of smoking are related to actual nicotine administration.
在30名依赖尼古丁和30名不依赖尼古丁且已戒烟12小时的吸烟者中，研究了尼古丁含量信息对含尼古丁香烟和去尼古丁香烟的主观及行为反应的影响。采用平衡安慰剂设计的四种条件，在两次实验室环节中，参与者分别被给予含尼古丁香烟或去尼古丁香烟，但被告知其中一次收到的是含尼古丁香烟，另一次收到的是不含尼古丁香烟。在每个环节中，参与者在从指定香烟抽吸三口前后完成主观评估，然后被邀请通过计算机化的累进比率任务来赚取额外的香烟抽吸机会。无论实际尼古丁含量如何，当被告知香烟含有尼古丁时，参与者自我给药的香烟抽吸次数比被告知香烟不含尼古丁时更多，并且当被告知香烟不含尼古丁时，相对于被告知香烟含有尼古丁时，参与者在香烟采样后与吸烟意图相关的渴望往往会降低。然而，无论尼古丁说明如何，与给予去尼古丁香烟的参与者相比，给予含尼古丁香烟的参与者在采样后对“满意”和“兴奋”的主观评分增加得更多。研究结果表明，尼古丁剂量预期会影响吸烟强化的主观和行为指标，但吸烟的满足和刺激方面与实际尼古丁摄入有关。
