Mercincavage Melissa, Smyth Joshua M, Strasser Andrew A, Branstetter Steven A
Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA.
Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA.
Tob Regul Sci. 2016 Oct;2(4):309-316. doi: 10.18001/TRS.2.4.3. Epub 2016 Oct 1.
We sought to determine if negative responses to reduced nicotine content (RNC) cigarettes during open-label trials result from smokers' (negative) expectancies. We examined the effects of nicotine content description - independent of actual nicotine content - on subjective responses (craving reduction, withdrawal suppression, mood changes, and sensory ratings) and smoking behaviors (topography measures and carbon monoxide [CO] boost).
Thirty-six 12-hour-abstinent daily smokers completed a 3-session crossover trial. During each session, participants smoked their preferred brand cigarette - blinded and described as containing "usual," "low," and "very low" nicotine content - through a topography device and completed CO and subjective response assessments.
Although nicotine content was identical, compared to the "usual" content cigarette, participants experienced less craving reduction after smoking the "very low" nicotine cigarette, and rated its smoke as weaker (p < .05). Participants took shallower puffs of the "low" nicotine cigarette (p < .05), and rated the "low" and "very low" nicotine cigarettes as weaker and too mild (p < .01).
Negative responses to RNC cigarettes may be due, in part, to negative expectancies about using cigarettes containing less nicotine. In this context, RNC cigarette marketing and labeling are likely important considerations if a federal nicotine reduction policy is initiated.
我们试图确定在开放标签试验中对尼古丁含量降低（RNC）香烟的负面反应是否源于吸烟者的（负面）预期。我们研究了尼古丁含量描述（与实际尼古丁含量无关）对主观反应（减少渴望、抑制戒断反应、情绪变化和感官评分）和吸烟行为（行为特征测量和一氧化碳[CO]增加）的影响。
36名每天戒烟12小时的吸烟者完成了一项3阶段交叉试验。在每个阶段，参与者通过行为特征测量装置吸食他们喜欢的品牌香烟——香烟被蒙蔽且被描述为含有“常规”、“低”和“极低”尼古丁含量——并完成一氧化碳和主观反应评估。
尽管尼古丁含量相同，但与“常规”含量香烟相比，参与者吸食“极低”尼古丁香烟后减少的渴望更少，且认为其烟雾更淡（p < 0.05）。参与者吸食“低”尼古丁香烟时的抽吸更浅（p < 0.05），并认为“低”和“极低”尼古丁香烟更淡且味道太淡（p < 0.01）。
对RNC香烟的负面反应可能部分归因于对使用尼古丁含量较低香烟的负面预期。在这种情况下，如果启动联邦尼古丁减少政策，RNC香烟的营销和标签可能是重要的考虑因素。
