Child Development Division, Department of Educational Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL 61820, USA.
J Adolesc Health. 2013 Jul;53(1 Suppl):S27-31. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2012.09.017.
This cross-sectional study examines differences in the frequency of suicidal ideation and suicidal behaviors across a group of verbal bullies, bully-victims, victims, physically aggressive bullies, and students not involved in bullying.
A large sample of middle school students (n = 661; fifth through eighth grades; ages 10-13 years of age) completed a pencil-and-paper survey that included the University of Illinois Bully, Fight, and Victim scales. Students also self-reported how often they had thought of killing themselves or deliberating hurting themselves in past 6 months, and provided information about delinquent behaviors and symptoms of depression and anxiety.
We used cluster analysis to create bully-victim subtypes: uninvolved (n = 357), victims (n = 110), verbal bullies (n = 114), bully-victims (n = 29), and physically aggressive bullies (n = 42). Approximately 32%-38% of verbal bullies and victims, 60% of bully-victims, and 43% of physically aggressive bullies reported suicidal ideation, compared with 12% of uninvolved youth. Similarly, 24%-28% of verbal bullies and victims, 44% of bully-victims, and 35% of physically aggressive bullies reported deliberately trying to hurt or kill themselves, compared with 8% of uninvolved youth. Females in the bully-victim subtype reported particularly elevated suicidal ideation and behavior. After controlling for delinquency and depression, differences in suicidal thoughts and behaviors emerged only between uninvolved youth and the victim and bully-victim groups, but these differences were minimal.
Findings highlight that at a bivariate level, involvement in bullying in any capacity is linked to increased risk for suicidal ideation and behavior, and echoes previous literature documenting particularly strong mental health implications for bully-victims. Furthermore, this study points to the importance of considering delinquency and depression in conjunction with suicidal ideation and behaviors.
本横断面研究考察了一群言语欺凌者、欺凌-受虐者、受虐者、身体攻击欺凌者和未参与欺凌的学生之间自杀意念和自杀行为频率的差异。
大量中学生（n=661；五至八年级；年龄 10-13 岁）完成了一份纸笔调查，其中包括伊利诺伊大学欺凌、打架和受害量表。学生还自我报告了过去 6 个月中他们有多少次想过自杀或故意伤害自己，并提供了关于犯罪行为以及抑郁和焦虑症状的信息。
我们使用聚类分析创建了欺凌-受虐者的亚类型：不参与（n=357）、受虐者（n=110）、言语欺凌者（n=114）、欺凌-受虐者（n=29）和身体攻击欺凌者（n=42）。大约 32%-38%的言语欺凌者和受虐者、60%的欺凌-受虐者以及 43%的身体攻击欺凌者报告有自杀意念，而不参与的青少年则为 12%。同样，24%-28%的言语欺凌者和受虐者、44%的欺凌-受虐者以及 35%的身体攻击欺凌者报告故意试图伤害或自杀，而不参与的青少年则为 8%。欺凌-受虐者亚组中的女性报告自杀意念和行为尤其高。在控制犯罪行为和抑郁后，仅在不参与的青少年和受虐者和欺凌-受虐者群体之间出现自杀想法和行为的差异，但这些差异很小。
研究结果强调，在双变量水平上，以任何形式参与欺凌都与自杀意念和行为的风险增加有关，并呼应了之前的文献，即欺凌-受虐者的心理健康影响特别大。此外，这项研究还指出了在考虑自杀意念和行为时，将犯罪行为和抑郁结合起来的重要性。
