Tisdale M J, Dhesi J K
Pharmaceutical Sciences Institute, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
Cancer Res. 1990 Aug 15;50(16):5022-6.
The effect of substitution of the carbohydrate component of the diet by calories derived from fish oil on host body weight loss and tumor growth rate has been studied in an experimental colon adenocarcinoma (MAC16). This tumor produces extensive host weight loss and reductions in both total body fat and muscle dry weight, without a reduction in food intake. Diets containing fish oil significantly reduced host body weight loss, with almost complete protection occurring when the fish oil comprised 50% of the calories, without an alteration of total calorie consumption or nitrogen intake. There was also a significant reduction in tumor growth rate, although the reduction in host weight loss was greater than might be expected from a smaller tumor burden. The reduction of host body weight loss was associated with an increase in total body fat and muscle mass. The effect appears specific to the type of fat since comparable results were not obtained with a gamma-linolenic acid-enriched diet. When compared with cyclophosphamide and 5-fluorouracil the fish oil diet exerted a similar antitumor effect at the maximum dose. Whereas the antitumor effect of the former agents was achieved with considerable host toxicity, the latter produced no toxicity and almost completely abolished the cachectic effect of the tumor. These results suggest that fish oil is a nontoxic, highly effective anticachectic agent with the added advantage of antitumor activity.
在实验性结肠腺癌（MAC16）中，研究了用鱼油提供的热量替代饮食中的碳水化合物成分对宿主体重减轻和肿瘤生长速率的影响。这种肿瘤会导致宿主大量体重减轻，全身脂肪和肌肉干重均减少，但食物摄入量并未减少。含鱼油的饮食显著减轻了宿主的体重减轻，当鱼油占热量的50%时，几乎能提供完全保护，且总热量消耗或氮摄入量未发生改变。肿瘤生长速率也显著降低，尽管宿主体重减轻的减少幅度大于因肿瘤负担减轻所预期的幅度。宿主体重减轻的减少与全身脂肪和肌肉量的增加有关。这种作用似乎对脂肪类型具有特异性，因为富含γ-亚麻酸的饮食未获得类似结果。与环磷酰胺和5-氟尿嘧啶相比，鱼油饮食在最大剂量时发挥了类似的抗肿瘤作用。前者的抗肿瘤作用伴随着相当大的宿主毒性，而后者没有产生毒性，并且几乎完全消除了肿瘤的恶病质效应。这些结果表明，鱼油是一种无毒、高效的抗恶病质药物，还具有抗肿瘤活性这一额外优势。
