Applied Linguistics and Communication, Birkbeck, University of London, 30 Russell Square, London, WC1B 5DT, UK.
Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2013 Aug;13(8):369. doi: 10.1007/s11910-013-0369-9.
Written language production is often the least examined neuropsychological function, yet it provides a sensitive and subtle sign to a variety of different behavioral disorders. The dissociation between written and spoken language and reading and writing first came to clinical prominence in the nineteenth century, with respect to ideas about localization of function. Twentieth century aphasiology research focused primarily on patients with unifocal lesions from cerebrovascular accidents, which have provided insight into the various levels of processing involved in the cognitively complex task of producing written language. Recent investigations have provided a broader perspective on writing impairments in a variety of disorders, including progressive and diffuse brain disorders, and functional brain imaging techniques have been used to study the underlying processes in healthy individuals.
书面语言产生通常是神经心理学中研究最少的功能，但它为各种不同的行为障碍提供了一个敏感而微妙的迹象。书面语言和口语以及阅读和写作之间的分离首先在 19 世纪关于功能定位的观点中引起了临床关注。20 世纪的失语症研究主要集中在由脑血管意外引起的单一病灶的患者身上，这些研究为认知复杂的书面语言产生过程中涉及的各个处理水平提供了深入的了解。最近的研究为各种障碍（包括进行性和弥漫性脑障碍）中的书写障碍提供了更广泛的视角，并且已经使用功能脑成像技术来研究健康个体中的潜在过程。
