Crocetta Fabio, Macali Armando, Furfaro Giulia, Cooke Samantha, Valdés Angel
Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, I-80121 Napoli, Italy.
Zookeys. 2013 Mar 15(277):91-108. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.277.4362. Print 2013.
The state of knowledge of the alien marine Mollusca in Italy is reviewed and updated. Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792), Polycera hedgpethi Er. Marcus, 1964 and Haminoea japonica Pilsbry, 1895are here considered as established on the basis of published and unpublished data, and recent records of the latter considerably expand its known Mediterranean range to the Tyrrhenian Sea. COI sequences obtained indicate that a comprehensive survey of additional European localities is needed to elucidate the dispersal pathways of Haminoea japonica.Recent records and interpretation of several molluscan taxa as alien are discussed both in light of new Mediterranean (published and unpublished) records and of four categories previously excluded from alien species lists. Within this framework, ten taxa are no longer considered as alien species, or their records from Italy are refuted. Furthermore, Trochocochlea castriotae Bellini, 1903 is considered a new synonym for Gibbula albida (Gmelin, 1791). Data provided here leave unchanged as 35 the number of alien molluscan taxa recorded from Italy as well as the percentage of the most plausible vectors of introduction, but raise to 22 the number of established species along the Italian shores during the 2005-2010 period, and backdate to 1792 the first introduction of an alien molluscan species (Littorina saxatilis) to the Italian shores.
对意大利外来海洋软体动物的知识状况进行了回顾和更新。基于已发表和未发表的数据，认为粗糙滨螺（Littorina saxatilis，奥利维，1792年）、赫氏多彩海牛（Polycera hedgpethi，埃·马库斯，1964年）和日本明螺（Haminoea japonica，皮尔布里，1895年）已在意大利确立，后者的最新记录大大扩展了其已知的地中海分布范围至第勒尼安海。获得的细胞色素氧化酶亚基I（COI）序列表明，需要对欧洲其他地区进行全面调查，以阐明日本明螺的扩散途径。根据新的地中海（已发表和未发表）记录以及先前被排除在外来物种名单之外的四类情况，讨论了几种软体动物分类群作为外来物种的最新记录和解释。在此框架内，有十个分类群不再被视为外来物种，或者其来自意大利的记录被驳回。此外，1903年的卡氏小轮螺（Trochocochlea castriotae，贝利尼）被认为是白瘤玉螺（Gibbula albida，格梅林，1791年）的新同义词。此处提供的数据使意大利记录的外来软体动物分类群数量以及最可能的引入途径的百分比保持不变，但将2005 - 2010年期间意大利海岸已确立的物种数量提高到22种，并将外来软体动物物种（粗糙滨螺）首次引入意大利海岸的时间追溯到1792年。
