Galil Bella Sarah
National Institute of Oceanography, Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, Haifa, Israel.
Integr Zool. 2012 Sep;7(3):299-311. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-4877.2012.00307.x.
Over 660 alien marine multicellular species have been recorded in the Mediterranean Sea, with many establishing viable populations and subsequently dispersing from their points of entry. A brief overview is presented of the current state of knowledge of bioinvasions in the Mediterranean Sea, with particular attention paid to gelatinous invasive species. A database of alien species records was used to characterize their identity, pattern of expansion and native region, and to discuss the relative importance of different taxa and vectors in the various regions of the sea. The temporal and spatial spread of 4 alien scyphozoans and 2 alien ctenophores is outlined. Although thermophilic species constitute the majority of Mediterranean aliens, Erythrean aliens are predominant in the east, with shipping and mariculture being mainly responsible for introductions in the northwest. The propagule pressure driving the Erythrean invasion is powerful in the establishment and spread of alien species in the eastern Mediterranean. The implications of the enlargement of the Suez Canal, reflecting patterns in global trade and economy, are briefly discussed. Finally, as alien species inventories play a pivotal role in informing regional policy and management decisions and identifying resource priorities, the scientific community is called upon to pay particular attention to their accuracy and veracity.
地中海已记录到660多种外来海洋多细胞物种，其中许多已建立起可存活的种群，并随后从其引入点扩散开来。本文简要概述了地中海生物入侵的当前知识状况，特别关注了凝胶状入侵物种。利用外来物种记录数据库来描述它们的身份、扩张模式和原生地区，并讨论不同分类群和传播媒介在海洋各区域的相对重要性。概述了4种外来钵水母纲动物和2种外来栉水母纲动物的时空扩散情况。尽管嗜热物种构成了地中海外来物种的大多数，但红海外来物种在东部占主导地位，航运和海水养殖是西北部物种引入的主要原因。推动红海物种入侵的繁殖体压力在外来物种在地中海东部的建立和扩散中作用巨大。简要讨论了苏伊士运河扩建所反映的全球贸易和经济模式的影响。最后，由于外来物种清单在为区域政策和管理决策提供信息以及确定资源优先事项方面发挥着关键作用，呼吁科学界特别关注其准确性和真实性。
