Brito Rosângela, Gonçalves Gislene L, Vargas Hector A, Moreira Gilson R P
PPG Biologia Animal, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, Porto Alegre RS, 91501-970, Brazil.
Zookeys. 2013 Apr 17(291):1-26. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.291.4910. Print 2013.
Male, female, pupa, larva and egg of a new genus and species of Gracillariidae (Gracillariinae), Spinivalva gaucha Moreira and Vargas from southern Brazil are described and illustrated with the aid of optical and scanning electron microscopy. A preliminary analysis of mitochondrial DNA sequences including members of related lineages is also provided. The immature stages are associated with Passiflora actinia, Passiflora misera and Passiflora suberosa (Passifloraceae), and build mines on the adaxial leaf surface. Initially the mines are serpentine in shape, but later in larval ontogeny become a blotch type. Although the larvae are hypermetamorphic as in other Gracillariidae, there is no sap-feeding instar in Spinivalva gaucha; the larva feeds on the palisade parenchyma, thus producing granular frass during all instars. Pupation occurs outside the mine; prior to pupating, the larva excretes numerous bubbles that are placed in rows on the lateral margins of the cocoon external surface. This is the second genus of gracillariid moth described for the Atlantic Rain Forest, and the second gracillariid species known to be associated with Passifloraceae.
本文利用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜对来自巴西南部的细蛾科（细蛾亚科）一个新属新种——高乔刺小蛾（Spinivalva gaucha Moreira and Vargas）的雄性、雌性、蛹、幼虫和卵进行了描述和图示。还提供了包括相关谱系成员在内的线粒体DNA序列的初步分析。其未成熟阶段与西番莲科的刺果西番莲（Passiflora actinia）、可怜西番莲（Passiflora misera）和栓皮西番莲（Passiflora suberosa）有关，并在叶片上表面形成虫瘿。最初虫瘿呈蛇形，但在幼虫个体发育后期变为斑点型。虽然该幼虫与其他细蛾科昆虫一样具有过变态发育，但高乔刺小蛾没有吸食树液的龄期；幼虫取食栅栏薄壁组织，因此在所有龄期都会产生颗粒状粪便。化蛹发生在虫瘿之外；化蛹前，幼虫会排出大量气泡，这些气泡成行排列在茧外表面的侧缘。这是为大西洋雨林描述的第二个细蛾科蛾类属，也是已知与西番莲科有关的第二个细蛾科物种。
