Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Caixa Postal 15051, CEP 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
Faraday Discuss. 2013;160:75-87; discussion 103-20. doi: 10.1039/c2fd20067h.
We present a theory that is able to account quantitatively for the surface and interfacial tensions of different electrolyte solutions. It is found that near the interface, ions can be separated into two classes: the kosmotropes and the chaotropes. While the kosmotropes remain hydrated near the interface and are repelled from it, the chaotropes loose their hydration sheath and become adsorbed to the surface. The anionic adsorption is strongly correlated with the Jones-Dole viscosity B-coefficient. Both hydration and polarizability must be taken into account to obtain a quantitative agreement with the experiments. To calculate the excess interfacial tension of the oil-electrolyte interface, the dispersion interactions must also be included. The theory can also be used to calculate the surface and the interfacial tensions of acid solutions, predicting a strong surface adsorption of hydronium ion.
我们提出了一个能够定量解释不同电解质溶液的表面张力和界面张力的理论。研究发现，在界面附近，离子可以分为两类：亲水性离子和疏水性离子。亲水性离子在界面附近保持水合状态并被排斥，而疏水性离子失去水合鞘并被吸附到表面。阴离子的吸附与琼斯-多利粘度 B 系数强烈相关。为了与实验取得定量一致，必须考虑水合作用和极化率。要计算油-电解质界面的过剩界面张力，还必须包括色散相互作用。该理论还可用于计算酸溶液的表面张力和界面张力，预测质子在表面的强烈吸附。
