UNC Kidney Center and the Departments of Medicine and Cell and Molecular Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
Compr Physiol. 2012 Apr;2(2):1061-92. doi: 10.1002/cphy.c110027.
Chloride transport along the nephron is one of the key actions of the kidney that regulates extracellular volume and blood pressure. To maintain steady state, the kidney needs to reabsorb the vast majority of the filtered load of chloride. This is accomplished by the integrated function of sequential chloride transport activities along the nephron. The detailed mechanisms of transport in each segment generate unique patterns of interactions between chloride and numerous other individual components that are transported by the kidney. Consequently, chloride transport is inextricably intertwined with that of sodium, potassium, protons, calcium, and water. These interactions not only allow for exquisitely precise regulation but also determine the particular patterns in which the system can fail in disease states.
氯离子在肾单位中的转运是肾脏调节细胞外液容量和血压的关键活动之一。为了维持稳定状态，肾脏需要重吸收绝大部分滤过的氯离子负荷。这是通过肾单位中连续的氯离子转运活动的综合功能来实现的。每个节段的转运机制产生了独特的氯离子与许多其他由肾脏转运的个别成分之间相互作用的模式。因此，氯离子转运与钠离子、钾离子、质子、钙离子和水的转运密不可分。这些相互作用不仅允许进行极其精确的调节，而且决定了系统在疾病状态下可能出现故障的特定模式。
