Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Compr Physiol. 2012 Apr;2(2):1241-67. doi: 10.1002/cphy.c110032.
Autonomic neural control of the intrathoracic airways aids in optimizing air flow and gas exchange. In addition, and perhaps more importantly, the autonomic nervous system contributes to host defense of the respiratory tract. These functions are accomplished by tightly regulating airway caliber, blood flow, and secretions. Although both the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches of the autonomic nervous system innervate the airways, it is the later that dominates, especially with respect to control of airway smooth muscle and secretions. Parasympathetic tone in the airways is regulated by reflex activity often initiated by activation of airway stretch receptors and polymodal nociceptors. This review discusses the preganglionic, ganglionic, and postganglionic mechanisms of airway autonomic innervation. Additionally, it provides a brief overview of how dysregulation of the airway autonomic nervous system may contribute to respiratory diseases.
自主神经对胸内气道的控制有助于优化气流和气体交换。此外，自主神经系统可能更重要的是有助于呼吸道的宿主防御。这些功能通过严格调节气道口径、血流和分泌物来实现。尽管自主神经系统的交感和副交感分支都支配气道，但后者占主导地位，尤其是在气道平滑肌和分泌物的控制方面。气道的副交感神经张力受反射活动调节，通常由气道伸展感受器和多模态伤害感受器的激活引发。这篇综述讨论了气道自主神经支配的节前、节中和节后机制。此外，它还简要概述了气道自主神经系统的失调如何导致呼吸道疾病。
