Aitella Ernesto, Romano Ciro, Ginaldi Lia, Cozzolino Domenico
Department of Clinical Medicine, Public Health, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, "G. Mazzini" Hospital, ASL Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy.
Int J Mol Sci. 2025 Jan 23;26(3):927. doi: 10.3390/ijms26030927.
Although mast cells have long been known, they are not yet fully understood. They are traditionally recognized for their role in allergic reactions through the IgE/FcεRI axis, but different groups of surface receptors have since been characterized, which appear to be involved in the manifestation of peculiar clinical features. In particular, MRGPRX2 has emerged as a crucial receptor involved in degranulating human skin mast cells. Because of mast cells' close proximity to peripheral nerve endings, it may play a key role in neuroimmune interactions. This paper provides an overview of mast cell contributions to hypersensitivity and so-called "pseudoallergic" reactions, as well as an update on neuroinflammatory implications in the main models of airway and skin allergic diseases. In particular, the main cellular characteristics and the most relevant surface receptors involved in MC pathophysiology have been reappraised in light of recent advancements in MC research. Molecular and clinical aspects related to MC degranulation induced by IgE or MRGPRX2 have been analyzed and compared, along with their possible repercussions and limitations on future therapeutic perspectives.
尽管肥大细胞早已为人所知，但人们对它们尚未完全了解。传统上，它们因其在通过IgE/FcεRI轴介导的过敏反应中的作用而被认可，但此后已鉴定出不同组别的表面受体，这些受体似乎参与了特殊临床特征的表现。特别是，MRGPRX2已成为参与人皮肤肥大细胞脱颗粒的关键受体。由于肥大细胞与外周神经末梢紧密相邻，它可能在神经免疫相互作用中起关键作用。本文概述了肥大细胞对超敏反应和所谓“假过敏”反应的作用，以及对气道和皮肤过敏性疾病主要模型中神经炎症影响的最新研究进展。特别是，根据肥大细胞研究的最新进展，重新评估了参与肥大细胞病理生理学的主要细胞特征和最相关的表面受体。分析并比较了与IgE或MRGPRX2诱导的肥大细胞脱颗粒相关的分子和临床方面，以及它们对未来治疗前景可能产生的影响和局限性。
