Psychologisches Institut, Universität Tübingen, Schleichstr. 4, Tübingen, D-72076, Germany.
Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 2013 Aug;39(8):1083-96. doi: 10.1177/0146167213490808. Epub 2013 Jun 24.
The present research examined when happy individuals' processing of a counterattitudinal message is guided by mood-congruent expectancies versus hedonic considerations. Recipients in positive, neutral, or negative mood read a strong or weak counterattitudinal message which either contained a threat to attitudinal freedom or did not contain such a threat. As expected, a freedom-threatening counterattitudinal message was more mood threatening than a counterattitudinal message not threatening freedom. Furthermore, as predicted by the mood-congruent expectancies approach, people in positive mood processed a nonthreatening counterattitudinal message more thoroughly than people in negative mood. Message processing in neutral mood lay in between. In contrast, as predicted by the hedonic-contingency view, a threatening counterattitudinal message was processed less thoroughly in positive mood than in neutral mood. In negative mood, processing of a threatening counterattitudinal message was as low as in positive mood. These findings suggest that message processing is determined by mood congruency unless hedonic considerations override expectancy-based processing inclinations.
本研究考察了快乐的个体在处理与态度相反的信息时，是受心境一致的期望还是享乐考虑的引导。处于积极、中性或消极情绪的接受者阅读了一条强烈或温和的与态度相反的信息，这条信息要么包含对态度自由的威胁，要么不包含这种威胁。正如预期的那样，一个威胁态度自由的反面信息比不威胁自由的反面信息更具情绪威胁性。此外，正如心境一致的期望方法所预测的那样，处于积极情绪中的人比处于消极情绪中的人更彻底地处理非威胁性的与态度相反的信息。中性情绪中的信息处理则介于两者之间。相比之下，正如享乐偶然性观点所预测的那样，在积极情绪中，一个威胁性的与态度相反的信息比在中性情绪中处理得更不彻底。在消极情绪中，对威胁性与态度相反的信息的处理与在积极情绪中一样低。这些发现表明，信息处理是由心境一致性决定的，除非享乐考虑凌驾于基于期望的处理倾向之上。
