Sasai Noriaki, Briscoe James
Developmental Biology, National Institute for Medical Research, Mill Hill, London, UK.
Wiley Interdiscip Rev Dev Biol. 2012 Sep-Oct;1(5):753-72. doi: 10.1002/wdev.43. Epub 2012 Apr 4.
Cilia are evolutionary-conserved microtubule-containing organelles protruding from the surface of cells. They are classified into two types--primary and motile cilia. Primary cilia are nearly ubiquitous, at least in vertebrate cells, and it has become apparent that they play an essential role in the intracellular transduction of a range of stimuli. Most notable among these is Sonic Hedgehog. In this article we briefly summarize the structure and biogenesis of primary cilia. We discuss the evidence implicating cilia in the transduction of extrinsic signals. We focus on the involvement and molecular mechanism of cilia in signaling by Sonic Hedgehog in embryonic tissues, specifically the neural tube, and we discuss how cilia play an active role in the interpretation of gradients of Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) signaling.
纤毛是从细胞表面突出的、含有微管且在进化上保守的细胞器。它们分为两种类型——初级纤毛和运动性纤毛。初级纤毛几乎无处不在，至少在脊椎动物细胞中如此，并且很明显它们在一系列刺激的细胞内转导中发挥着重要作用。其中最值得注意的是音猬因子。在本文中，我们简要总结初级纤毛的结构和生物发生。我们讨论了纤毛参与外在信号转导的证据。我们重点关注纤毛在胚胎组织（特别是神经管）中音猬因子信号传导中的参与情况和分子机制，并且我们讨论纤毛如何在音猬因子（Shh）信号梯度的解读中发挥积极作用。
