Ribeiro Joana Sousa, Conceição Claudia, Pereira Joel, Leone Cláudia, Mendonça Pedro, Temido Marta, Vieira Carlota Pacheco, Dussault Gilles
CMDT, Centre for Malaria and Other Tropical Diseases, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Rua da Junqueira, 100, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal; CES, Centre for Social Studies and Faculdade de Economia, Universidade de Coimbra, Colégio de S. Jerónimo Apartado 3087, 3000-995 Coimbra, Portugal.
Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
Health Policy. 2014 Feb;114(2-3):97-108. doi: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2013.05.009. Epub 2013 Jun 22.
The mobility of health professionals in the European Union is a phenomenon which policy-makers must take into account to provide the conditions to adjust for demand and supply of health services. This paper presents the case of Portugal, a country which at the same time imports and exports health workers. Since the early 1990s Portugal became a destination country receiving foreign health care professionals. This situation is now changing with the current economic situation as fewer immigrants come and more Portuguese emigrate. Foreigners coming to Portugal do so in part for similar reasons that bring Portuguese to want to emigrate, mainly the search for better work conditions and professional development opportunities. The emigration of Portuguese health professionals is also stimulated by the difficulty for recently graduated nurses, dentists and diagnostic and therapeutic technicians to find employment, low salaries in the public and private sectors, heavy workloads, remuneration not related to performance and poor career prospects. The paradoxes described in this study illustrate the consequences of the absence of a policy for the health professions. Strategies based on evidence, and on an integrated information system that captures the dynamic evolution of the workforce in health are not only necessary but also a good investment.
欧盟卫生专业人员的流动是一种政策制定者必须予以考虑的现象，以便为卫生服务供需调整创造条件。本文介绍了葡萄牙的情况，该国同时存在卫生工作者的进出口现象。自20世纪90年代初以来，葡萄牙成为接收外国医护专业人员的目的国。随着当前经济形势的变化，这种情况正在改变，来葡萄牙的移民减少，而更多葡萄牙人选择移民。外国人来葡萄牙的部分原因与促使葡萄牙人移民的原因相似，主要是为了寻找更好的工作条件和职业发展机会。葡萄牙卫生专业人员的移民也受到以下因素的刺激：刚毕业的护士、牙医以及诊断和治疗技术人员就业困难、公共和私营部门薪资低、工作量大、薪酬与绩效无关以及职业前景不佳。本研究中描述的种种矛盾说明了卫生行业缺乏政策所带来的后果。基于证据以及基于能够掌握卫生领域劳动力动态演变情况的综合信息系统的策略不仅必要，而且是一项明智的投资。
