Gaisa N T, Lindemann-Docter K
Institut für Pathologie, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Deutschland.
Urologe A. 2013 Jul;52(7):949-57. doi: 10.1007/s00120-013-3225-2.
The current 2004 WHO classification of bladder tumors categorizes non-invasive and invasive urothelial neoplasms into prognostically relevant groups according to the histopathological cell morphology and underlying genetic changes. Although many parts of the classification have not been changed dramatically, even small changes have caused uncertainty and scepticism among urologists and pathologists in recent years. The following review article is structured into various challenges for urologists and pathologists and provides an overview of rare but clinically relevant subgroups and diagnostics, interpretation of diagnoses and pathological findings with respect to consequences for the daily clinical routine (extended diagnosis, therapy and prognosis).
2004年世界卫生组织（WHO）现行的膀胱肿瘤分类，根据组织病理学细胞形态和潜在的基因变化，将非浸润性和浸润性尿路上皮肿瘤分为具有预后相关性的组。尽管该分类的许多部分没有显著变化，但即使是微小的变化，近年来也在泌尿外科医生和病理学家中引发了不确定性和怀疑。以下综述文章针对泌尿外科医生和病理学家面临的各种挑战进行了阐述，并概述了罕见但具有临床相关性的亚组及诊断方法、诊断解读以及病理结果对日常临床工作（扩展诊断、治疗和预后）的影响。
