Halley S E, Bey M J, Haladik J A, Lavagnino M, Arnoczky S P
Laboratory for Comparative Orthopaedic Research, Michigan State University, USA.
Equine Vet J. 2014 May;46(3):364-9. doi: 10.1111/evj.12127. Epub 2013 Sep 11.
Studies examining the effect of stifle joint angle on tibial rotation, adduction-abduction angle and articular contact area are lacking.
To test the hypothesis that tibial rotation, adduction-abduction angle and articular contact area change with stifle joint angle.
Descriptive study of normal kinematics and articular contact patterns of the equine stifle through the functional range of motion using 3 dimensional (3D) radiosteriometric analysis (RSA) and equine cadaver stifles.
Multiple, radiopaque markers were embedded in the distal femur and proximal tibia and sequential, biplanar x-rays captured as the stifle was passively extended from 110° to full extension. Computer-programmed RSA was used to determine changes in abduction-adduction and internal-external rotation angles of the tibia during stifle extension as well as articular contact patterns (total area and areas of high contact) through the range of motion.
The tibia rotated externally (P < 0.001) as the stifle was extended. Tibial abduction occurred from 110-135° of extension (P < 0.001) and tibial adduction occurred from 135° through full extension (P = 0.009). The centre of joint contact moved cranially on both tibial condyles during extension with the lateral moving a greater distance than the medial (P = 0.003). Articular contact area decreased (P = 0.001) in the medial compartment but not in the lateral compartment (P = 0.285) as the stifle was extended. The area of highest joint contact increased on the lateral tibial condyle (P < 0.001) with extension but decreased (P = 0.001) on the medial tibial condyle.
Significant changes occur in tibial rotation, adduction-abduction angle and articular contact area of the equine stifle through the functional range of motion. Understanding the normal kinematics of the equine stifle and the relationship between joint positions and articular contact areas may provide important insight into the aetiology and location of common stifle joint pathologies (articular cartilage and meniscal lesions).
缺乏关于 stifle 关节角度对胫骨旋转、内收 - 外展角度及关节接触面积影响的研究。
验证胫骨旋转、内收 - 外展角度及关节接触面积随 stifle 关节角度变化的假说。
通过三维（3D）放射立体测量分析（RSA）和马尸体 stifle 关节，对马 stifle 关节在功能活动范围内的正常运动学和关节接触模式进行描述性研究。
在股骨远端和胫骨近端植入多个不透射线的标记物，并在 stifle 关节从110°被动伸展至完全伸展过程中，依次拍摄双平面X线片。利用计算机编程的RSA来确定 stifle 关节伸展过程中胫骨的内收 - 外展和内外旋转角度的变化，以及整个运动范围内的关节接触模式（总面积和高接触面积）。
随着 stifle 关节伸展，胫骨向外旋转（P < 0.001）。在伸展至110 - 135°时发生胫骨外展（P < 0.001），从135°至完全伸展时发生胫骨内收（P = 0.009）。伸展过程中，关节接触中心在两个胫骨髁上均向头侧移动，外侧移动距离大于内侧（P = 0.003）。随着 stifle 关节伸展，内侧间室的关节接触面积减小（P = 0.001），而外侧间室未减小（P = 0.285）。随着伸展，外侧胫骨髁上最高关节接触面积增加（P < 0.001），而内侧胫骨髁上则减小（P = 0.001）。
在马 stifle 关节的功能活动范围内，胫骨旋转、内收 - 外展角度及关节接触面积发生显著变化。了解马 stifle 关节的正常运动学以及关节位置与关节接触面积之间的关系，可能为常见 stifle 关节病变（关节软骨和半月板损伤）的病因及部位提供重要见解。
