Primary Health Care Research Unit, Discipline of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, Canada.
Fam Pract. 2013 Oct;30(5):485-91. doi: 10.1093/fampra/cmt029. Epub 2013 Jun 26.
Dietary glycaemic index (GI) is a measure of the postprandial glycaemic response to carbohydrates. Observational studies have found increased triglycerides and decreased high-density lipoprotein levels in patients consuming higher GI foods.
Our aim was to review and synthesize the evidence on the effect of low-glucose index diets on serum lipid levels.
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials on the effect of low-GI diets on serum lipid levels. We searched PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library for published, English-language, randomized controlled trials comparing low-GI and high-GI diets for the management of blood lipids in the general population with at least 4 weeks of follow-up. We conducted a meta-analysis assuming a random effects model.
Four studies met the criteria for inclusion in the systematic review and meta-analysis. The individual studies did not always show a significant effect of a low-GI diet on serum lipids; however, when combined in a meta-analysis, low-GI diets were shown to have a significant effect on decreasing total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol over a short time span (5-12 weeks). There was no significant effect on high-density lipoprotein or triglyceride levels. The forest plots for total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol did not show significant statistical heterogeneity (I (2) = 0%).
This meta-analysis suggests that a low-GI diet may help lower total and LDL cholesterol. The generalizability of these findings is likely limited by heterogeneity in individual study definitions of low- or high-GI diets.
饮食血糖指数（GI）是衡量碳水化合物餐后血糖反应的指标。观察性研究发现，食用高 GI 食物的患者甘油三酯升高，高密度脂蛋白水平降低。
我们旨在综述和综合低 GI 饮食对血清脂质水平影响的证据。
我们对低 GI 饮食对一般人群血脂影响的随机对照试验进行了系统综述和荟萃分析。我们在 PubMed、Embase 和 Cochrane Library 中搜索了已发表的、以英语撰写的、比较低 GI 和高 GI 饮食管理血脂的随机对照试验，随访时间至少 4 周。我们采用随机效应模型进行荟萃分析。
四项研究符合纳入系统综述和荟萃分析的标准。个别研究并不总是显示低 GI 饮食对血清脂质有显著影响；然而，当进行荟萃分析时，低 GI 饮食在短时间内（5-12 周）显著降低总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白（LDL）胆固醇。对高密度脂蛋白或甘油三酯水平没有显著影响。总胆固醇和 LDL 胆固醇的森林图显示没有显著的统计学异质性（I (2) = 0%）。
这项荟萃分析表明，低 GI 饮食可能有助于降低总胆固醇和 LDL 胆固醇。这些发现的普遍性可能受到个别研究中低或高 GI 饮食定义的异质性的限制。
