Postles Jennifer, Powers Stephen J, Elmore J Stephen, Mottram Donald S, Halford Nigel G
Plant Biology and Crop Science Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom.
J Cereal Sci. 2013 May;57(3):463-470. doi: 10.1016/j.jcs.2013.02.001.
Acrylamide is a probable human carcinogen that forms in plant-derived foods when free asparagine and reducing sugars react at high temperatures. The identification of rye varieties with low acrylamide-forming potential or agronomic conditions that produce raw material with low acrylamide precursor concentrations would reduce the acrylamide formed in baked rye foods without the need for additives or potentially costly changes to processes. This work compared five commercial rye varieties grown under a range of fertilisation regimes to investigate the effects of genotype and nutrient (nitrogen and sulphur) availability on the accumulation of acrylamide precursors. A strong correlation was established between the free asparagine concentration of grain and the acrylamide formed upon heating. The five rye varieties accumulated different concentrations of free asparagine in the grain, indicating that there is genetic control of this trait and that variety selection could be useful in reducing acrylamide levels in rye products. High levels of nitrogen fertilisation were found to increase the accumulation of free asparagine, showing that excessive nitrogen application should be avoided in order not to exacerbate the problem of acrylamide formation. This effect of nitrogen was mitigated in two of the varieties by the application of sulphur.
丙烯酰胺是一种可能的人类致癌物，当游离天冬酰胺和还原糖在高温下反应时，会在植物性食物中形成。鉴定具有低丙烯酰胺形成潜力的黑麦品种或能生产出丙烯酰胺前体浓度低的原料的农艺条件，将减少烘焙黑麦食品中形成的丙烯酰胺，而无需添加添加剂或对工艺进行潜在的高成本改变。这项工作比较了在一系列施肥制度下种植的五个商业黑麦品种，以研究基因型和养分（氮和硫）有效性对丙烯酰胺前体积累的影响。谷物中游离天冬酰胺浓度与加热时形成的丙烯酰胺之间建立了很强的相关性。这五个黑麦品种在谷物中积累了不同浓度的游离天冬酰胺，表明该性状存在遗传控制，品种选择可能有助于降低黑麦产品中的丙烯酰胺水平。发现高水平的氮肥会增加游离天冬酰胺的积累，表明应避免过量施用氮肥，以免加剧丙烯酰胺形成问题。在其中两个品种中，施用硫减轻了氮的这种影响。
