Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Émergentes, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection, Aix-Marseille Université Marseille, France.
Front Microbiol. 2013 Jun 24;4:173. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2013.00173. eCollection 2013.
The increase and spread of antibiotic resistance (AR) over the past decade in human pathogens has become a worldwide health concern. Recent genomic and metagenomic studies in humans, animals, in food and in the environment have led to the discovery of a huge reservoir of AR genes called the resistome that could be mobilized and transferred from these sources to human pathogens. AR is a natural phenomenon developed by bacteria to protect antibiotic-producing bacteria from their own products and also to increase their survival in highly competitive microbial environments. Although antibiotics are used extensively in humans and animals, there is also considerable usage of antibiotics in agriculture, especially in animal feeds and aquaculture. The aim of this review is to give an overview of the sources of AR and the use of antibiotics in these reservoirs as selectors for emergence of AR bacteria in humans via the food chain.
过去十年中，抗生素耐药性（AR）在人类病原体中的增加和传播已成为全球关注的健康问题。最近在人类、动物、食品和环境中的基因组和宏基因组研究发现了一个巨大的抗生素耐药基因库，称为耐药组，这些基因可以从这些来源转移到人类病原体中。抗生素耐药性是细菌为了保护产生抗生素的细菌免受自身产物的影响，并在高度竞争的微生物环境中提高其生存能力而自然产生的现象。尽管抗生素在人类和动物中广泛使用，但在农业中也大量使用抗生素，特别是在动物饲料和水产养殖中。本文旨在概述抗生素耐药性的来源以及这些储层中抗生素的使用情况，因为这些抗生素通过食物链成为人类中出现抗生素耐药细菌的选择因子。
