Zhou Yang, Li Yu, Zhang Lu, Wu Zuowei, Huang Ying, Yan He, Zhong Jiang, Wang Li-Ju, Abdullah Hafiz M, Wang Hua H
Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.
Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Front Microbiol. 2020 Jul 7;11:1319. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01319. eCollection 2020.
Previous studies have identified oral administration of antibiotics and gut-impacting drugs as critical drivers for fecal antibiotic resistance (AR) and microbiome disruption in lab mice, but the practical implications of these findings have yet to be validated in hosts nurtured in conventional environment. Using ampicillin (Amp) as a way to extrapolate the general effect of antibiotics, this project examined the impact of drug administration routes on fecal microbiota and resistome using poultry raised in a teaching farm. AR genes were found to be abundant in the feces of young Leghorn chicks without previous antibiotic treatment. In chickens seeded with , 300 mg/kg body weight of Amp was orally administered for 5 days. This led to the fecal microbiota switching from Firmicutes occupied (95.60 ± 2.62%) and rich, to being dominated by Proteobacteria (70.91 ± 28.93%), especially . However, when Amp was given via muscle injection, Firmicutes was mostly retained (i.e., from 83.6 ± 24.4% pre- to 90.4 ± 15.2% post-treatment). In control chickens without seeding with , oral Amp also led to the increase of Proteobacteria, dominated by and /, and a reduction of Firmicutes. Specifically within Firmicutes, , etc. were enriched but was diminished. The fecal resistome including Amp genes was more abundant in chickens receiving oral Amp than those treated with muscle injection, but the difference was primarily within 1 log. The data illustrated that both drug administration routes and pre-existing gut microbiota have profound impacts on gut microbiome disruption when antibiotic treatment is given. In hosts nurtured in a conventional environment, drug administration route has the most evident impact on gut microbiota rather than the size of the targeted gene pool, likely due to the pre-existing bacteria that are (i) less susceptible to Amp, and/or (ii) with Amp- or multidrug resistance-encoding genes other than . These results demonstrated the critical interplay among drug administration routes, microbiota seeded through the gastrointestinal tract, AR, gut microbiota disruption, and the rise of common opportunistic pathogens in hosts. The potential implications in human and animal health are discussed.
先前的研究已确定口服抗生素和影响肠道的药物是实验小鼠粪便抗生素耐药性（AR）和微生物群破坏的关键驱动因素，但这些发现的实际意义尚未在传统环境中饲养的宿主中得到验证。本项目以氨苄青霉素（Amp）作为推断抗生素一般作用的方式，研究了给药途径对教学农场饲养的家禽粪便微生物群和耐药组的影响。在未经抗生素治疗的年轻来航鸡粪便中发现AR基因丰富。在接种了[未提及具体内容]的鸡中，以300mg/kg体重口服氨苄青霉素，持续5天。这导致粪便微生物群从以厚壁菌门为主（95.60±2.62%）且[未提及具体内容]丰富，转变为由变形菌门主导（70.91±28.93%），尤其是[未提及具体内容]。然而，当通过肌肉注射给予氨苄青霉素时，厚壁菌门大多得以保留（即从治疗前的83.6±24.4%升至治疗后的90.4±15.2%）。在未接种[未提及具体内容]的对照鸡中，口服氨苄青霉素也导致了以[未提及具体内容]和[未提及具体内容]为主的变形菌门增加，以及厚壁菌门减少。具体在厚壁菌门内，[未提及具体内容]等增加，但[未提及具体内容]减少。接受口服氨苄青霉素的鸡中包括氨苄基因的粪便耐药组比肌肉注射治疗的鸡更丰富，但差异主要在1个对数范围内。数据表明，给药途径和预先存在的肠道微生物群在进行抗生素治疗时对肠道微生物群破坏都有深远影响。在传统环境中饲养的宿主中，给药途径对肠道微生物群的影响最为明显，而不是目标[未提及具体内容]基因库的大小，这可能是由于预先存在的细菌（i）对氨苄青霉素不太敏感，和/或（ii）具有除[未提及具体内容]之外的氨苄或多药耐药编码基因。这些结果证明了给药途径、通过胃肠道接种的微生物群、AR、肠道微生物群破坏以及宿主中常见机会性病原体的增加之间的关键相互作用。文中讨论了对人类和动物健康的潜在影响。
