Department of Cell Metabolism and Nutrition, Brain/Liver Interface Medicine Research Center, Kanazawa University School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan.
Diabetes Metab J. 2013 Jun;37(3):165-72. doi: 10.4093/dmj.2013.37.3.165.
Obesity is a state of chronic low-grade systemic inflammation. This chronic inflammation is deeply involved in insulin resistance, which is the underlying condition of type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. A significant advance in our understanding of obesity-associated inflammation and insulin resistance has been recognition of the critical role of adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs). Chemokines are small proteins that direct the trafficking of immune cells to sites of inflammation. In addition, chemokines activate the production and secretion of inflammatory cytokines through specific G protein-coupled receptors. ATM accumulation through C-C motif chemokine receptor 2 and its ligand monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 is considered pivotal in the development of insulin resistance. However, chemokine systems appear to exhibit a high degree of functional redundancy. Currently, more than 50 chemokines and 18 chemokine receptors exhibiting various physiological and pathological properties have been discovered. Therefore, additional, unidentified chemokine/chemokine receptor pathways that may play significant roles in ATM recruitment and insulin sensitivity remain to be fully identified. This review focuses on some of the latest findings on chemokine systems linking obesity to inflammation and subsequent development of insulin resistance.
肥胖是一种慢性低度全身炎症状态。这种慢性炎症深深涉及胰岛素抵抗，而胰岛素抵抗是 2 型糖尿病和代谢综合征的潜在病症。我们对肥胖相关炎症和胰岛素抵抗的理解取得了重大进展，认识到脂肪组织巨噬细胞（ATMs）的关键作用。趋化因子是一种小分子蛋白，可将免疫细胞导向炎症部位。此外，趋化因子通过特定的 G 蛋白偶联受体激活炎症细胞因子的产生和分泌。通过 C-C 基序趋化因子受体 2 及其配体单核细胞趋化蛋白-1（MCP-1）的 ATMs 积累被认为是胰岛素抵抗发展的关键。然而，趋化因子系统似乎表现出高度的功能冗余。目前，已经发现了超过 50 种趋化因子和 18 种具有各种生理和病理特性的趋化因子受体。因此，可能在 ATMs 募集和胰岛素敏感性方面发挥重要作用的其他未被识别的趋化因子/趋化因子受体途径仍有待充分确定。这篇综述重点介绍了一些关于趋化因子系统的最新发现，这些发现将肥胖与炎症和随后的胰岛素抵抗联系起来。
