Università degli Studi di Milano, DeFENS, Milan, Italy.
FEMS Yeast Res. 2013 Nov;13(7):597-608. doi: 10.1111/1567-1364.12060. Epub 2013 Jul 30.
Brettanomyces bruxellensis displays a high degree of genotypic and phenotypic polymorphism and is the main yeast species involved in wine spoilage. The innate resistance of 108 B. bruxellensis strains to the antimicrobial agent SO2 used in winemaking was investigated. Nineteen strains (17.6%) were sensitive to SO2 , failing to grow at the lowest concentration tested (0.1 mg L(-1) molecular SO2). Twenty-nine strains (26.8%) grew at 0.1 mg L(-1), 42 strains (38.9%) grew at 0.2 mg L(-1) , and 16 strains (14.8%) were able to grow as high as 0.4 mg L(-1) mol. SO2. Two strains able to grow in the presence of 0.6 mg L(-1) mol. SO2 were further studied by GCMS-TOF analysis to define the metabolic response to SO2 treatment. Two hundred and fifty-three intracellular metabolites were detected. The main effect observed was a decrease in cytoplasmic levels of polyols and an increase in levels of some amino acids, alanine, glutamic acid, glycine, proline, 5-oxoproline, serine and valine, which were significantly accumulated in the presence of SO2. No alteration in the pentose phosphate pathway was observed, suggesting NADPH usage could be diverted to other pathways. Finally, a change in metabolites involved in the glycerophospholipid pathway (glycerol-3-phosphate and myo-inositol) was also found.
布鲁塞尔酒香酵母表现出高度的遗传型和表型多态性，是主要参与葡萄酒变质的酵母物种。本研究调查了 108 株布鲁塞尔酒香酵母对酿酒中使用的抗菌剂二氧化硫（SO2）的固有抗性。19 株（17.6%）对 SO2敏感，无法在测试的最低浓度（0.1mg/L 分子 SO2）下生长。29 株（26.8%）在 0.1mg/L 下生长，42 株（38.9%）在 0.2mg/L 下生长，16 株（14.8%）能够在高达 0.4mg/L 分子 SO2的浓度下生长。两株能够在 0.6mg/L 分子 SO2存在下生长的菌株进一步通过 GCMS-TOF 分析进行研究，以确定对 SO2处理的代谢反应。检测到 253 种细胞内代谢物。观察到的主要影响是细胞质中多元醇水平降低，以及一些氨基酸（丙氨酸、谷氨酸、甘氨酸、脯氨酸、5-氧脯氨酸、丝氨酸和缬氨酸）水平升高，这些氨基酸在 SO2存在下显著积累。戊糖磷酸途径没有改变，表明 NADPH 的使用可能被转移到其他途径。最后，还发现甘油磷脂途径（甘油-3-磷酸和肌醇）中的代谢物发生变化。
