Panter K E, Bunch T D, Keeler R F, Sisson D V, Callan R J
USDA/ARS/Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan, Utah.
J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 1990;28(1):69-83. doi: 10.3109/15563659008993477.
Fetal movement, observed by ultrasound imaging, was significantly reduced (P less than or equal to 0.001) in pregnant goats gavaged with Conium seed and Nicotiana glauca and temporarily reduced with fresh Conium plant. Conium seed and Nicotiana glauca induced cleft palate and multiple congenital contractures in 100% of the kids born to pregnant goats gavaged with these plants. Multiple congenital contractures included torticollis, scoliosis, lordosis, arthrogryposis, rib cage anomalies, over extension, and flexure and rigidity of the joints. However, in goats gavaged with fresh Conium plant, fetal movement was inhibited for only about 5 hours after each individual dosage and gradually returned to control levels 12 hours after dosing. Fetal malformations in this group were limited from modest to moderate contractures of the front limbs, which resolved by 8-10 weeks post partum. No cleft palates were induced. Fetal movement was not inhibited in goats fed Lupinus caudatus and no cleft palates or multiple congenital contractures were induced in their offspring. The duration of the reduction in fetal movement appears to be an important factor in the severity and permanence of the deformities, particularly with cleft palate, spinal column defects, and severe joint deviation and fixation.
通过超声成像观察发现，给怀孕山羊灌服毒参种子和黄花烟草后，胎动显著减少（P≤0.001），给其喂食新鲜毒参植株后胎动暂时减少。给怀孕山羊灌服毒参种子和黄花烟草后，其所生的幼崽100%出现腭裂和多处先天性挛缩。多处先天性挛缩包括斜颈、脊柱侧凸、脊柱前凸、关节弯曲、胸廓异常、过度伸展以及关节的屈曲和僵硬。然而，给怀孕山羊喂食新鲜毒参植株后，每次给药后胎动仅被抑制约5小时，给药12小时后逐渐恢复到对照水平。该组胎儿畸形仅限于前肢从轻度到中度的挛缩，产后8 - 10周可恢复。未诱发腭裂。给怀孕山羊喂食尾叶羽扇豆后，其胎动未受抑制，其后代也未诱发腭裂或多处先天性挛缩。胎动减少的持续时间似乎是畸形严重程度和持久性的一个重要因素，尤其是腭裂、脊柱缺陷以及严重的关节偏差和固定。
