Panter K E, Keeler R F, Bunch T D, Callan R J
USDA/ARS/Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan, UT 84321.
Toxicon. 1990;28(12):1377-85. doi: 10.1016/0041-0101(90)90154-y.
Three piperidine alkaloid containing plants, Conium maculatum (poison-hemlock), Nicotiana glauca (tree tobacco) and Lupinus formosus (lunara lupine), induced multiple congenital contractures (MCC) and palatoschisis in goat kids when their dams were gavaged with the plant during gestation days 30-60. The skeletal abnormalities included fixed extension or flexure of the carpal, tarsal, and fetlock joints, scoliosis, lordosis, torticollis and rib cage abnormalities. Clinical signs of toxicity included those reported in sheep, cattle and pigs--ataxia, incoordination, muscular weakness, prostration and death. One quinolizidine alkaloid containing plant, Lupinus caudatus (tailcup lupine), on the other hand, which is also known to cause MCC in cows, caused only slight signs of toxicity in pregnant goats and no teratogenic effects in their offspring.
三种含有哌啶生物碱的植物，即毒参（毒芹）、光烟草（树烟草）和美丽羽扇豆（月状羽扇豆），在母羊妊娠第30至60天经口灌喂这些植物时，会导致山羊羔出现多发性先天性挛缩（MCC）和腭裂。骨骼异常包括腕关节、跗关节和球关节的固定伸展或弯曲、脊柱侧凸、脊柱前凸、斜颈和胸廓异常。毒性的临床症状包括在绵羊、牛和猪身上报道的那些症状——共济失调、不协调、肌肉无力、虚脱和死亡。另一方面，一种含有喹诺里西啶生物碱的植物，尾杯羽扇豆，已知它也会在母牛身上导致MCC，但在怀孕山羊身上仅引起轻微的毒性迹象，对其后代没有致畸作用。
