Kerr Katherine R, Morris Cheryl L, Burke Sarah L, Swanson Kelly S
Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois; Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois.
Zoo Biol. 2013 Sep-Oct;32(5):510-7. doi: 10.1002/zoo.21084. Epub 2013 Jul 1.
Our objectives were to evaluate the composition of whole 1- to- 3-day-old chicks (Whole), ground adult chicken (Ground), chicken-based canned diet (Canned), and chicken-based extruded diet (Extruded); and evaluate apparent total tract energy and macronutrient digestibility of these diets by four captive African wildcats (Felis silvestrus lybica) utilizing a Latin Square design. We analyzed diets for macronutrient and mineral (Ca, P, K, Na, Mg, Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, and S) composition, and screened for potentially pathogenic bacteria. Canned and Extruded diets tested negative for all microbes and met macronutrient and mineral recommendations for domestic cat foods [AAFCO (2012). Official publication. Oxford, IN: AAFCO]. Whole prey diets (Ground and Whole) met macronutrient requirements for domestic cats; however, they were below recommendations in some minerals [Mn, Cu, K, and Na; AAFCO (2012). Official publication. Oxford, IN: AAFCO], and tested positive for potentially pathogenic microorganisms (Salmonella, E. coli spp.). For all diets, apparent total tract organic matter digestibility was high (>85%). Organic matter digestibility was higher (P ≤ 0.05) for cats fed Ground (94%) compared to those fed Canned, Extruded, or Whole (87, 86, and 85%, respectively). Apparent total tract crude protein digestibility was lower than expected (i.e., <85%) for cats fed Extruded (81%) and fat digestibility was lower than expected (i.e., <90%) for cats fed Whole (82%). Cats fed whole prey items tested herein adequately maintained BW short-term; however, long-term studies are needed. These data indicate that there may be a need to monitor whole prey composition and when necessary, adjust the diet to account for potential deficiencies.
我们的目标是评估1至3日龄雏鸡全尸（全尸组）、成年鸡绞碎物（绞碎组）、鸡肉罐头日粮（罐头组）和鸡肉挤压日粮（挤压组）的成分；并利用拉丁方设计，评估4只圈养非洲野猫（非洲野猫指名亚种）对这些日粮的表观全肠道能量和常量营养素消化率。我们分析了日粮的常量营养素和矿物质（钙、磷、钾、钠、镁、铁、铜、锰、锌和硫）成分，并筛查了潜在病原菌。罐头日粮和挤压日粮的所有微生物检测均为阴性，且符合家猫食品的常量营养素和矿物质推荐标准[美国饲料管理协会（2012年）。官方出版物。印第安纳州牛津：美国饲料管理协会]。全猎物日粮（绞碎组和全尸组）满足家猫的常量营养素需求；然而，它们在某些矿物质方面低于推荐标准[锰、铜、钾和钠；美国饲料管理协会（2012年）。官方出版物。印第安纳州牛津：美国饲料管理协会]，并且潜在致病微生物（沙门氏菌、大肠杆菌属）检测呈阳性。对于所有日粮，表观全肠道有机物消化率都很高（>85%）。与喂食罐头、挤压或全尸日粮（分别为87%、86%和85%）的猫相比，喂食绞碎日粮的猫的有机物消化率更高（P≤0.05）（94%）。喂食挤压日粮的猫的表观全肠道粗蛋白消化率低于预期（即<85%）（81%），而喂食全尸日粮的猫的脂肪消化率低于预期（即<90%）（82%）。在此测试的喂食全猎物的猫在短期内体重维持良好；然而，还需要进行长期研究。这些数据表明，可能需要监测全猎物的成分，并在必要时调整日粮，以弥补潜在的不足。
