Prescrire Int. 2013 May;22(138):123-4.
A French team investigated hypersensitivity reactions that occurred during locoregional or general anaesthesia over an 8-year period. They estimated that the incidence of anaphylactic reactions was about 1 per 10 000 anaesthetic procedures. Among the 1816 reports of anaphylactic reactions, the most commonly implicated drugs were neuromuscular blocking agents (1067 cases), latex (361 cases), and antibiotics (236 cases). Some anaphylactic reactions to neuromuscular blocking agents occurred in patients who had never previously been anaesthetised, suggesting cross-reactivity with other, poorly known, substances. Most reactions in children were due to latex, followed by neuromuscular blocking agents and antibiotics. In practice, exposure to latex devices should be minimised, or simply avoided when possible. A history of sensitization to substances sharing allergenic sites with neuromuscular blocking agents should be investigated, and measures should be taken to protect patients.
一个法国团队对8年期间局部或全身麻醉过程中发生的过敏反应进行了调查。他们估计过敏反应的发生率约为每10000例麻醉手术中有1例。在1816例过敏反应报告中，最常涉及的药物是神经肌肉阻滞剂（1067例）、乳胶（361例）和抗生素（236例）。一些对神经肌肉阻滞剂的过敏反应发生在以前从未接受过麻醉的患者身上，这表明与其他鲜为人知的物质存在交叉反应。儿童的大多数反应是由乳胶引起的，其次是神经肌肉阻滞剂和抗生素。在实际操作中，应尽量减少与乳胶制品的接触，或尽可能避免接触。应调查与神经肌肉阻滞剂有共同过敏位点的物质的致敏史，并采取措施保护患者。
