Hiremath Shivayogi V, Ding Dan, Cooper Rory A
University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15206, USA.
J Spinal Cord Med. 2013 Jul;36(4):347-56. doi: 10.1179/2045772313Y.0000000113.
To develop and evaluate a wireless gyroscope-based wheel rotation monitor (G-WRM) that can estimate speeds and distances traveled by wheelchair users during regular wheelchair propulsion as well as wheelchair sports such as handcycling, and provide users with real-time feedback through a smartphone application.
The speeds and the distances estimated by the G-WRM were compared with the criterion measures by calculating absolute difference, mean difference, and percentage errors during a series of laboratory-based tests. Intraclass correlations (ICC) and the Bland-Altman plots were also used to assess the agreements between the G-WRM and the criterion measures. In addition, battery life and wireless data transmission tests under a number of usage conditions were performed.
The percentage errors for the angular velocities, speeds, and distances obtained from three prototype G-WRMs were less than 3% for all the test trials. The high ICC values (ICC (3,1) > 0.94) and the Bland-Altman plots indicate excellent agreement between the estimated speeds and distances by the G-WRMs and the criterion measures. The battery life tests showed that the device could last for 35 hours in wireless mode and 139 hours in secure digital card mode. The wireless data transmission tests indicated less than 0.3% of data loss.
The results indicate that the G-WRM is an appropriate tool for tracking a spectrum of wheelchair-related activities from regular wheelchair propulsion to wheelchair sports such as handcycling. The real-time feedback provided by the G-WRM can help wheelchair users self-monitor their everyday activities.
开发并评估一种基于无线陀螺仪的车轮旋转监测器（G-WRM），该监测器能够估计轮椅使用者在常规轮椅推进过程以及诸如手摇车等轮椅运动中行驶的速度和距离，并通过智能手机应用程序为用户提供实时反馈。
在一系列基于实验室的测试中，通过计算绝对差值、平均差值和百分比误差，将G-WRM估计的速度和距离与标准测量值进行比较。还使用组内相关系数（ICC）和布兰德-奥特曼图来评估G-WRM与标准测量值之间的一致性。此外，在多种使用条件下进行了电池寿命和无线数据传输测试。
对于所有测试试验，从三个G-WRM原型获得的角速度、速度和距离的百分比误差均小于3%。高ICC值（ICC(3,1)>0.94）和布兰德-奥特曼图表明G-WRM估计的速度和距离与标准测量值之间具有极好的一致性。电池寿命测试表明，该设备在无线模式下可持续35小时，并在安全数字卡模式下可持续139小时。无线数据传输测试表明数据丢失率小于0.3%。
结果表明，G-WRM是一种适用于跟踪从常规轮椅推进到手摇车之类的轮椅运动等一系列与轮椅相关活动的工具。G-WRM提供的实时反馈可以帮助轮椅使用者自我监测日常活动。
