Sperner G, Benedetto K P, Glötzer W
Univ.-Klinik für Unfallchirurgie Innsbruck.
Sportverletz Sportschaden. 1990 Jun;4(2):69-72. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-993601.
Patella dislocation in sports trauma is a common injury and is influenced by minor alterations or derangements of dynamic or static factors. The sulcus angle should not exceed 138 degrees and the Q angle should not be more than 15 degrees. Patella alta has some influence on the dislocation tendency, and so has weakness and atrophy of the musculus vastus medialis obliquus, causing muscular imbalance. Diagnosis is made via x-ray in tangential as well as a.p. and lateral view. Clinical examination of the patella reveals in lateral dislocation or redislocation can be provoked after positioning. Tenderness is present along the medial retinaculum associated with haemarthrosis in most of the cases. Conservative treatment includes evaluation of haemarthrosis and physiotherapy especially with regard to strengthening the vastus medialis obliquus. Surgery includes lateral release and medial capsular plication or transposition of the patellar tendon for correction of the Q-angle.
运动创伤中的髌骨脱位是一种常见损伤，受动态或静态因素的微小改变或紊乱影响。髁间沟角不应超过138度，Q角不应超过15度。高位髌骨对脱位倾向有一定影响，股内侧斜肌的无力和萎缩也有影响，会导致肌肉失衡。通过髌股关节切线位以及前后位和侧位X线片进行诊断。髌骨的临床检查显示，在侧方脱位或再脱位时，复位后可诱发。大多数情况下，内侧支持带处有压痛并伴有关节积血。保守治疗包括评估关节积血和物理治疗，尤其是加强股内侧斜肌的锻炼。手术包括外侧松解和内侧关节囊折叠或髌腱转位以矫正Q角。
