Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Dushu Lake Higher Education Town, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China.
Br J Nutr. 2013 Sep 14;110(5):781-9. doi: 10.1017/S0007114513002055. Epub 2013 Jul 5.
High-protein diets are popular for weight management, but the health effects of such diets in diabetic persons are inconclusive. The aim of the present meta-analysis was to examine the effects of high-protein diets on body weight and metabolic risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes. We searched the PubMed and Cochrane Library databases for relevant randomised trials up to August 2012. Either a fixed- or a random-effects model was used to combine the net changes in each outcome from baseline to the end of the intervention. Overall, nine trials including a total of 418 diabetic patients met our inclusion criteria. The study duration ranged from 4 to 24 weeks. The actual intake of dietary protein ranged from 25 to 32% of total energy in the intervention groups and from 15 to 20% in the control groups. Compared with the control diets, high-protein diets resulted in more weight loss (pooled mean difference: 22.08, 95% CI 23.25, 20.90 kg). High-protein diets significantly decreased glycated Hb A1C (HbA1C) levels by 0.52 (95% CI 20.90, 20.14) %, but did not affect the fasting blood glucose levels. There were no differences in lipid profiles. The pooled net changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressure were 23.13 (95% CI 26.58, 0.32)mmHg and 21.86 (95% CI 24.26, 0.56) mmHg, respectively. However, two studies reported a large influence on weight loss and HbA1C levels, respectively. In summary, high-protein diets (within 6 months) may have some beneficial effects on weight loss, HbA1C levels and blood pressure in patients with type 2 diabetes. However, further investigations are still required to draw a conclusion.
高蛋白饮食在体重管理中很受欢迎，但这种饮食在糖尿病患者中的健康影响尚无定论。本荟萃分析的目的是研究高蛋白饮食对 2 型糖尿病患者体重和代谢危险因素的影响。我们检索了 PubMed 和 Cochrane 图书馆数据库，以获取截至 2012 年 8 月的相关随机试验。使用固定或随机效应模型来合并每个结局从基线到干预结束的净变化。总体而言，有 9 项试验（共纳入 418 例糖尿病患者）符合我们的纳入标准。研究持续时间从 4 周到 24 周不等。干预组的实际饮食蛋白质摄入量占总能量的 25%至 32%，对照组为 15%至 20%。与对照组饮食相比，高蛋白饮食可导致更多的体重减轻（汇总平均差异：22.08，95%CI 23.25，20.90kg）。高蛋白饮食可显著降低糖化血红蛋白（HbA1C）水平 0.52（95%CI 20.90，20.14）%，但对空腹血糖水平没有影响。血脂谱没有差异。收缩压和舒张压的汇总净变化分别为 23.13（95%CI 26.58，0.32）mmHg 和 21.86（95%CI 24.26，0.56）mmHg。然而，有两项研究分别报告了对体重减轻和 HbA1C 水平的较大影响。总之，高蛋白饮食（6 个月内）可能对 2 型糖尿病患者的体重减轻、HbA1C 水平和血压有一些有益的影响。但是，仍然需要进一步的研究来得出结论。
