Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cooper University Hospital, One Cooper Plaza, Camden, NJ 08103, USA.
Crit Care Clin. 2013 Jul;29(3):465-83. doi: 10.1016/j.ccc.2013.03.004.
Myocarditis is most often caused by a viral infection. Less common causes include other infectious agents and autoimmune diseases. Fulminant myocarditis is an unusual complication with a rapidly progressive course resulting in severe heart failure and cardiogenic shock. Fulminant myocarditis should be treated with full supportive care, using aggressive pharmacologic therapy and mechanical circulatory support, because significant improvement in left ventricular function will often occur. Cardiac transplantation is required in a small minority of patients. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging is becoming a frequently used modality to aid in the diagnosis of myocarditis.
心肌炎最常由病毒感染引起。较少见的病因包括其他感染因子和自身免疫性疾病。暴发性心肌炎是一种罕见的并发症，具有快速进展的病程，导致严重心力衰竭和心源性休克。暴发性心肌炎应采用全面支持治疗，使用积极的药物治疗和机械循环支持，因为左心室功能通常会显著改善。少数患者需要心脏移植。心脏磁共振成像正成为辅助心肌炎诊断的常用手段。
